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Solid

A state of matter with a definite volume and shape, affected by changes in temperature, expanding when heated and contracting when cooled.

Liquid

A state of matter with a fixed volume, taking the shape of its container, and slightly affected by temperature changes.

Gas

A state of matter with no definite shape or volume, taking the shape of its container and spreading out evenly. Volume is greatly affected by changes in temperature.

Kinetic theory of matter

Explains the behavior of matter and its physical properties based on the movements and arrangement of particles.

Melting point

The temperature at which a solid changes into a liquid, with particles gaining energy, pushing neighboring particles away, and increasing in volume.

Boiling point

The temperature at which a liquid changes into a gas, with particles moving faster and escaping the forces of attraction to form a gas.

Condensation

The process in which a gas changes into a liquid, with particles moving closer together and forces of attraction increasing.

Diffusion

The spreading out of gas particles in a haphazard and random way, occurring at different rates depending on the gas's relative atomic mass (R.A.M.).

Atoms

The smallest particles of an element, with different diameters and masses for different elements.

Molecules

Small groups of atoms, either the same or different, joined together.

Ions

Small particles with positive or negative electrical charges, attracting one another and forming hard solids with high melting and boiling points.