ANSc path final - poultry

Avian influenza is

highly contagious and zoonotic caused by influenza A

AI viruses are transmitted between individual birds by ingestion or inhalation with

Failure of biosecurity practices, movement of infected poultry, contaminated form mites, and airborne transfer over short distances

HPAI causes severe systemic disease with high

Mortality rates - potential 100% in days

HPAI Clinical signs

Sudden death, stumbling or falling down, purple discoloration

LPAI and HPAI viruses do exhibit zoonotic risks due to

Contact with live or dead infected poultry

Diagnosis of AI

Virus easily isolated from oropharygeal and cloacal swabs and PCR testing

Treatment for avian influenza

no approved treatment

Treatment/ biosecurity

HPAI positive flocks should be immediately quarantined and exposure limited - infected poultry are typically euthanized and poultry products destroyed - biosecurity strategies to prevent the introduction of AI into poultry are best preventative measure - vaccines are highly regulated, and few are able to be used in commercial poultry

APHIS veterinary services (VS) is

The regulatory agency designated to respond to positive cases of AI

Newcastle disease is

Not a food safety or public health concern

Newcastle disease virus is also known as

Avian paramyxovirus type 1 (APMV-1) which is a single strand RNA virus

Severity of Newcastle infection depends on

Virus virulence, virus tropism, and age, immune status, and susceptibility of host - chickens are most susceptible

United States has seen outbreaks of

Newcastle disease in recent years

Species of birds such as migratory waterfowl and psittacine can become infected with vNDV and

Spread to poultry

Newcastle virus is shed in

Exhaled hair, respiratory discharge and feces

Main modes of transmission for Newcastle

Movement of infected birds, poultry products, and people or equipment or litter

Clinical signs of neurotropic

Tremors, convulsions, paralysis, torticolliz, circling spasms, 100% morbidity 50% mortality

Diagnosis of Newcastle can be isolated from

Orophargeal or cloacal swabs.

Biosecurity strategies are

Crucial to prevent infection with vNDV

Vaccines are commonly used in poultry to

Induce an antibody response to vNVD

Mareks disease is highly contagious viral disease of poultry wheee chickens are

The most important natural host

Mareks disease can survive for

Months in litter or dust and infected chickens act as carriers for long periods

Clinical findings of Mareks disease included

Lymphoid neoplasms and enlarged feather follicles

Diagnosis for marks use a combination of

Clinical signs, gross pathology, histology

Mareks disease vaccination is the

Main strategy to prevent and control Mareks disease - biosecurity protocols and strict sanitation are also key aspects to control Mareks disease