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Romanesque
stylistic term used to define the architecture of western Europe from the mid-10th to the 12th century AD
choir
The area of the church between a transept and main apse. It is the area where the service is sung and clergy may stand, and the main or high altar. In some churches there is no choir, while in others, the choir is quite large and surrounded by an ambulatory
tribune/gallery
an upper story over the aisle which opens onto the nave or choir. It corresponds in length and width to the dimensions of the aisle below it
pilgrimage church
A church to which pilgrimages are regularly made, or a church along a pilgrimage route
transverse arch
Supporting arch which runs across the vault from side to side, dividing the bays
engaged column
A column embedded in a wall and partly projecting from the surface of the wall
compound pier
a clustered column or pier which consists of a central structural element to which engaged or semi-detached shafts have been attached
barrel vault
vault based on the repeated arch
groin vault
two barrel vaults intersecting at right angles, folding the shell into two crossing diagonals
Module Relationship
¼ to ½ to 1
tympanum
Architectural term used to describe the vertical, triangular space enclosed by the horizontal and raking cornices of a pediment; also the space between the square head or lintel of a door or window and the round or pointed discharging arch above it
theophanic vision
appearance of a deity to humans
cloister
Center of an architectural ensemble within a monastery, especially in medieval western Europe. Reserved solely for the use of the monks, the cloister consists of a yard (the garth), usually quadrilateral in shape and surrounded on all sides by covered passageways or galleries linking the major monastic buildings: church, refectory, dormitory, and chapter house
historiated capital
A capital decorated with figures of animals, birds, or humans, used either alone or combined with foliage. The figures need not have any meaning, although they may be symbolic or part of a narrative sequence. Historiated capitals were most commonly used in the Romanesque from the late eleventh to mid-twelfth centuries.
blind arch
an arch that is infilled and cannot serve as passageway (door or window)
blind arcade
composed of a series of arches with no passageway; decorative element
dwarf gallery
arcaded gallery, usually below the roof line and recessed into the thickness of the wall
rib vault
a masonry vault set within a framework of ribs
abbess
female superior of a community of nuns
horror vacui
a fear or dislike of leaving empty spaces, especially in an artistic composition
hierarchy of relics
1) first degree relic: part of body of holy person
2) second degree relic: object owned by holy person, e.g., a veil, bible, or non-religious item
3) third degree relic: object owned by a pilgrim participating in holy visit/pilgrimage
reliquary
receptacle for the preservation of relics, principally the physical remains of a holy person or an object of particular veneration
repoussé
(of metalwork) hammered into relief from the reverse side
baptistery
building used for the rite of baptism into the Christian Church
