cerebellar and basal ganglia terminology

define: asthenia

generalized muscle weakness

define: asynergia

loss of ability to associate muscles together for complex movements

define: delayed reaction time

increased time required to initiate voluntary movement

define: dysarthria

disorder of the motor component of speech articulation

define: dysdiadochokinesia

impaired ability to perform rapid alternating movements

define: dysmetria

inability to judge the distance or range of a movement

define: dyssynergia

movement performed in a sequence of ocponent parts rather than as a single, smooth activity; decompisition de

define: ataxic gait

broad base of support, postural instability; high-guard position of UE’s

define: hypermetria/hypometria

overestimation of distance or range needed to accomplish a movement

define: nystagmus

rhythmic, quick, oscillatory, back and forth movement of the eyes

define: rebound phenomenon

inability to half forceful movements after resistive stimulus removed; patient unable to stop sudden limb motion

define: intention vs. postural tremor

intention: oscillatory movement during voluntary motion; increases as the limb nears target; diminished or absent at rest

postural: exaggerated oscillatory movement of the body in standing posture or of a limb held against gravity

define: titubation

rhythmic oscillations of the head; axial involvement of the trunk

define: akinesia

inability to initiate movement; associated with fixed postures

define: athetosis

slow involuntary writhing, twisting “wormlike” movements frequently greater involvement in distal UEs’

define chorea

involuntary rapid, irregualr, jerky movements invovling multiple joints; most apparent in UE’s

define: choreoathetosis

movement disorder with features of both chorea and athetosis

define: dystonia

sustained involuntary contractions of agonist and antagosit muscles

define: hemibalismus

large amplitude sudden, violent, flailing motions of the arm and leg of one side of the body

define: hyperkinesis

abnormally increased muscle activity or movemnet

define: hypokinesis

decreased motor response especially to a specific stimulus

define: rigidity

increase in muscle tone causing greater resistance to passive movement; greater in flexor muscles

leadpipe: uniform, constant resistance as the limb moves

cogwheel: series of breif relaxations or catches as a limb is passivley moved

define resting tremor:

involuntary, rhytmic, oscillatory movement observed at rest