richard and john (history)
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173 Terms
Who was top of the feudal system?
The king
Who was bottom of the feudal system?
Free men and peasants
Who was second in the feudal system?
Tenants in chief
What was a vassal?
Someone who held land from someone else in the feudal system
What was a fief?
Land given to a vassal in return for service to a lord
What was the king's land known as?
Demense
How much of English land was owned by the King?
20%
What is homage?
An oath of loyalty
After declaring homage, the landholder became what to the lord?
His vassal
What is forfeiture?
Forfeiting Land
When would forfeiture happen?
When homage was broken
What happened to the vassal's land after forfeiture?
It would be given to someone else
Barons who didn't provide the king with knights paid what?
Scutage
What was scutage?
A payment made instead of providing knights
Who would do labour service?
Peasants
What were the duties of a Knight?
Serve in the army, raise ransom money and guard castles
What was a tithe?
Tax paid to a church annually
How much was a tithe?
One tenth of someone's produce
Who decided who became the Archbishop of Canterbury?
The Pope and the king
Who taught people to read and write?
Priests and Monks
Who looked after the elderly, poor and sick?
Monasteries, nunneries and parish priests
What was expected of a king?
Make laws, make decisions, protect and be a Christian
Following what rules, how would Arthur have succeeded Richard?
Primogeniture
What was Arthur's relationship to John?
He was the son of his older brother Geoffrey
Who did Richard choose as his successor?
John
Who was accused of the murder of Arthur?
John
Where did John capture Arthur?
Mirebeau
How did John's French supporters react to Arthur's death?
They began supporting Philip
Who did Richard leave in charge of England when on crusade?
William Longchamp
True or False: William Longchamp paid Richard to become chancellor.
True
What was William Longchamp's race?
Norman
Who did William Longchamp replace?
Sheriffs
What caused Longchamp to depose?
A rebellion by Price John and leading barons
Who succeeded William Longchamp as the new justiciar?
Walter of Countances
Who did Richard make Archbishop of Canterbury?
Hubert Walter
When Richard was captured, what did John do?
He said he was dead
Why wasn't John believes when he said Richard was dead?
He had little support
Who succeeded Hubert Walter as justiciar?
Geoffrey Fitz Peter
Who appointed Hubert Walter as justiciar?
Barons
What was Hubert Walter appointed as by barons?
Justiciar
How did Hubert Walter make the justice system more effective?
Put four knights in each hundred to deal with justice
What were aids?
Taxes payable in exceptional circumstances
When we're aids collected during the reigns of Richard and John?
To pay for Richard's ransom, to recover land in France and in the form of Johns new tax on moveables
What did sheriffs do?
Collect taxes
Why did villages have a fallow field?
Allow it to recover
How were fields divided?
Into strips
Who worked on the fields?
Peasants
What surrounded towns?
A castle wall
Who patrolled the town walls?
Watchmen
What did tradesmen do?
Trade
What did merchants do?
Sold things in England and Europe
What did most Jews do?
Moneylending
Why couldn't Christian become moneylenders?
The church wouldn't allow them to charge interest
Who owned the Jews?
The king
Why did anti Semitism increase?
The crusades, rumours of killing Christian children, owed them money, jealous
What tax were Jews forced to pay?
Tallages
What is a pogrom?
Organized violence against Jews.
What happened to Jews in the 1189-90 pogroms?
Their homes were set on fire, property was stolen and some were attacked or killed
How did Richard react to the pogroms?
He hung the ringleaders and asked for the Jews to be left in peace
Where were Jews massacred?
York Castle
Why was there a crusade?
Saladin had taken control of the entire kingdom of Jerusalem
Which pope called for the third crusade?
Pope Gregory VIII
What was issue by Pope Gregory before crusade?
A Papal Bull
How did he encourage people to go on crusade?
Offering full indulgence
What did crusaders not have to pay?
Crusading tax
What happened to crusaders' debts?
They were cancelled
When did Phillip leave the crusade?
After the siege of Acre
Which leaders went on crusade?
Richard of England, Philip of France and Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I
Did Richard share his Cyprus earnings with Philip?
Nope
As well as annoyance with Richard, why did Philip return home?
He was unwell and he feared France would be attacked after the Count of Flanders died
What did Richard want in return for the prisoners at Acre?
The true cross and 200 000 gold coins
How did Richard organise his troops when travelling to Jaffa?
Along the coast and keeping the archers and infantry close together
Where did Saladin try to re capture?
Jaffa
Where was Richard when Saladin tried to recapture Jaffa?
Ascalon
Why was the first march on Jerusalem unsuccessful?
The poor weather destroyed food, clothes and weapons
Where did Richard turn around after his first match to Jerusalem?
Beit Nuba
Where did Richard go after Beit Nuba?
Ascalon
How did Saladin respond to Richard's second march to Jerusalem?
He poisoned the wells around Jerusalem
Why did Richard not attack Jerusalem?
Fear of being surrounded or cut off from supplies
Why did Richard stop fighting?
His land was at risk from Philip and John
Why did Saladin stop fighting?
He was ill and was running out of money to pay for war
What was the treaty that stopped the third crusade?
The treaty of Jaffa
How long did the treaty of Jaffa say there wouldn't be fighting for?
3 years
Who could Christians do after the treaty of Jaffa?
Visit Jerusalem
Who had Jerusalem after the third crusade?
Muslims
Where did Richard shipwreck on the way back from the crusade?
The Adriatic Coast
How much did Henry VI, HRE, ask for in return for Richard?
100 000 marks
Who took charge of collecting Richard's ransom?
His mother
What changed in Normandy during the crusade?
Barons switched sides, Philip had control of the Vexin region and two harbours and was close to Rouen- the capital of Normandy
How did Richard regain his land lost?
He bribed nobles to switch sides, laid siege to Philip's castles and defended his and made alliances with leaders
Who built Chateau Gaillard?
Richard
What was special about Chateau Gaillard's location?
It was on a river so difficult to attack
What advantage did having no corners have to Chateau Gaillard?
There were no weak points for catapults to attack
What advantage did the steep slopes around the Chateau Gaillard have?
Walls couldn't be mined under
What did Chateau Gaillard defend?
Rouen
What is the capital of Normandy?
Rouen
How was Chateau Gaillard significant in re taking Vexin?
Richard used it as a base to attack from
Why was John asked to attend court?
Marrying Isabelle of Angouleme, this was injustice to Hugh de Lusignan who was married to her
Did John attend Philip's court?
No
What did John not attending court allow Philip to do?
He could forfeit John's land and attack