History- Civil Rights Red Scare

What were the reasons for the Red Scare (1945–50)?

Fear of communism spreading, the Cold War, Soviet expansion in Eastern Europe, and events like the Berlin Blockade and China becoming communist in 1949.

What was the Hiss case?

Alger Hiss, a US government official, was accused of spying for the USSR in 1948; he was convicted of perjury in 1950.

What was the Rosenberg case?

Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were executed in 1953 for passing atomic secrets to the USSR.

What was the role of the FBI during the Red Scare?

Led anti-communist investigations, gathered evidence, and kept files on suspected communists under J. Edgar Hoover. During the Red Scare, the FBI, under J. Edgar Hoover's leadership, conducted extensive investigations against alleged communists, employed covert surveillance methods, and maintained comprehensive files on individuals and organizations suspected of communist sympathies, contributing significantly to the climate of fear and repression.

What was HUAC?

The House Un-American Activities Committee; investigated alleged communist influence in the USA, including in Hollywood.

Who were the Hollywood Ten?

A group of screenwriters and directors who refused to testify to HUAC and were jailed and blacklisted.

What methods did McCarthy use?

Accusations without clear evidence, public hearings, media use, intimidation, and guilt by association.

What caused the growth of opposition to McCarthy?

His aggressive tactics, lack of solid evidence, growing media criticism, and concern about civil liberties.

What were the reasons for McCarthy’s downfall?

(Army-McCarthy hearings), televised exposure of his bullying, and loss of public support.

What was the overall impact of McCarthyism on the USA?

Increased fear and suspicion, blacklisting, careers destroyed (9500 civil servants dismissed, 600 teachers lost jobs 15000 resigned), chilling effect on free speech, but no major communist threat was found.