Intro to Communicative Disorders Final

The relationship between comprehension (receptive language) and expression (production/expressive language) during preverbal language development is

Comprehension is almost always more advanced than expression

What is an MLU?

Mean Length of Utterance

Children who score well below their age-expected scores on language tests but who do not have hearing impairment, intellectual disability, or other factors that may explain the language problem are said to have

Specific language impairment/developmental language disorder

Most children with traumatic brain injury and who have dysarthria immediately after the accident

Regain their speech skills and are likely to have close-to-normal or completely normal speech in a short period (a few days or weeks)

Down Syndrome results from

Genetic accident

An eight-year-old child who does not understand the rules of turn-taking in a conversation has a

Pragmatic problem

Which component of language would you expect to be affected in a child with autism?

Pragmatics

If two speakers are using different phonetic inventories, different prosody, and in some cases different word forms to mean the same thing, but can basically understand each other, they are probably speaking different

Dialects

What is the difference between phonemes and phonotactics?

One refers to the sounds of a language that can change the meaning of a word, the other to the allowable sequences of sounds that can form words

Some languages, like English, allow words to be formed by the following sequence: consonant-vowel-consonant (like the word "dog"), whereas other languages, such as Mandarin, only allow words to be formed by the sequence: consonant-vowel (that is, no consonants at the end of words). This is an example of what kind of difference between the two languages?

Phonotactic

The smallest meaningful unit a language is called a

Morpheme

Children who diagnosed with apraxia of speech (CAS) and adults diagnosed with apraxia of speech (AAOS)

Have increased articulatory difficulty with increased phonetic complexity

The latest, or most advanced stage of babbling is

Jargon

A mixed type of dysarthria seems to be the most common type in traumatic brain injury; why does that fit with what you know about the brain?

According to the Mayo clinic classification of dysarthria type, speech symptoms have a localizing value, but in the case of traumatic brain injury the brain damage is diffuse, which should result in a mixed dysarthria

Why is form, content, and use important to language?

They are three interrelated components of language that are essential for effective communication.
Understanding the relationships between these three components is crucial for mastering language. For example, learners can optimize their use of language by perceiving language patterns in a meaningful context.

A disorder that often produces dysarthria in children is

Apraxia

"Speech delay" is diagnosed when

A child has a speech sound system that is delayed compared with the speech sound systems of typically-developing children, and there is no clear explanation for the delay (e.g., hearing loss or structural deficit in the speech mechanism)

Specific language impairment/developmental language disorder is "explained" by

Hearing problems

What is the relationship between "accent" and "dialect"?

'Dialect' may include word choices and grammatical variation, 'accent' does not

Culture and language assessment findings

No dialect of English should be regarded as a disordered form of speech or language

What are factors that complicate the evaluation of speech and language development in cerebral palsy?

A significant number of children with cerebral palsy have hearing loss and intellectual disability, both of which have a significant influence on speech and language development

What are "metalinguistic" skills?

Ability to think and reflect on language

Phonology is the component of language that concerns

The sound system

What is code switching?

Practice of alternating between languages or dialects within a single conversation or sentence. Also changing the way someone expresses themselves in a conversation

A diagnosis of intellectual disability is made when a person has an IQ score below 70 and as well as

Impairments in adaptive skills when the intellectual impairment has been diagnosed in early childhood

When children are diagnosed with specific language impairment/developmental language disorder, the most likely deficit in their language is

Morphological

Which of these criteria are consistent with a diagnosis of autism?

Problems with social communication/interactions, and repetitive and restricted behaviors

Culturally sensitive evaluation of children with a suspected language disorder is necessary because

You must determine whether the language behavior reflects a disorder or cultural difference

CFY occurs in your first year of graduate school and is how SLP's are monitored on their sites

False

Why is CCC important to SLP's?

Career advancement. Employment. Job mobility. Professional credibility.
Demonstrates SLP's have voluntarily met rigorous academic and professional standards, typically going beyond the minimum requirements for state licensure. They have the knowledge, skills, and expertise to provide high quality clinical services, and they actively engage in ongoing professional development to keep their certification current.
Demonstrates SLP's have the knowledge, skills, and expertise to provide high quality clinical services, and they actively engage in ongoing professional development to keep their certification current.

What is articulation?

Speech sound production

The larynx in humans and other vertebrates is to protect the lower respiratory tract from aspirating food into the trachea while breathing. It also contains the vocal folds and functions as a voice box for producing sounds, i.e., phonation.

True

What is receptive language?

The "input" of language, the ability to understand and comprehend spoken language that you hear or read. A child's ability to listen and follow directions

What is a phonological disorder?

Difficulty with sound system rules

CFY is Clinical Fellowship Year

True

Cluttering

Used to describe a speech pattern that is perceived as being too fast, too irregular or jerky, or both, and is accompanied by: excessive repetition of whole words or phrases so that conversation becomes hard to follow

Stuttering

A speech disorder characterized by repetition of sounds, syllables, or words; prolongation of sounds; and interruptions in speech known as blocks

Fluency

Refers to continuity, smoothness, rate, and effort in speech production

Part-word repetitions

Repeating sounds or syllables in words

Word repetitions

Repetitions of entire words, most often single-syllable words

Phrase repetitions

Repetitions of phrases consisting of two or more words

Interjections

Sounds, syllables, words, or phrases, that are added between words

Revision

Incomplete phrase in which the speaker becomes aware of making an error and corrects it

Dysrhythmic phonations

Disturbances in the normal rhythm of words

Tense pauses

Phenomena that occur between words, part-words, and interjections

Unfilled pauses

Abnormally long pauses between words; professionals disagree about how long a pause between words has to be before it can be classified as abnormal

The trachea is to allow passage of inspired and expired air into and out of the lung. The trachea is a midline structure and lies just anterior of the esophagus

True

Why is IPA important to SLP's?

When recording assessment data, SLPs transcribe the child's speech using symbols of the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) to accurately identify the specific sounds and words produced.
When recording intervention data, SLPs transcribe the child's speech using symbols of the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) to accurately identify the specific sounds and words produced.

What is expressive language?

It is our ability to communicate our thoughts and feelings through words, gestures, signs, and/or symbols. It can be as simple as pointing to a desired object or as complex as writing a book about an area of interest.

Minimum of ___ hours of supervised clinical experience (at least ___ hours at the graduation level)

375, 250

What is an articulation disorder?

Speech errors result when physical mechanism does not function as it should

ADHD means alternative disorder of hyperactivity deficiency (T/F)

False

The vocal folds are folds of tissue located in the larynx (voicebox) that have three important functions: To protect the airway from choking on material in the throat. To regulate the flow of air into our lungs. The production of sounds used for speech.

True

CCC-SLP stands for Certificate of Clinical Competence in Speech Language Pathology

True

Medical Model

Clinician diagnose the communication disorder and designs and directs the intervention process, which is focused on remediating the disorder in a clinical setting

Participation Model

Focus on client rather than communication disorder, who that client is as a person, how they experience life and what are their goals. Clients fully participate in therapeutic process, select their intervention goals, plan course of therapy, and evaluate their own progress

Educational Model

Focuses on the skills impacting the child's education performance or their ability to access the curriculum. This means that there has to be a negative impact on academics to quality. This is typically when the SLP pulls the student from the educational setting. However, more and more SLPs are serving students in the classroom

Language Form

Refers to the structure of language

Language content

Refers to the meaning of language

Language use

Refers to the way speakers select different forms that best fit the communication context

Minimum ___ hours of observation BEFORE beginning clinical practicum

25

Learning disabilities

A disorder that affects the ability to: understand or use spoken or written language, do mathematical calculations, and coordinate movements

SLP-A

A healthcare professional who, following academic coursework, fieldwork, and on-the-job training, perform tasks prescribed, directed, and supervised by ASHA-certified SLPs

SLP

A healthcare professional who assess and treat people who have, speech, language, voice, and fluency disorders; also treat clients who have problems swallowing

Audiologist

A healthcare professional that diagnoses, manages, and treats hearing, balance, and ear problems

Audiologist Assistant

A health care professional who after appropriate training and demonstration of competency, performs delegated tasks that are prescribed, directed, and supervised by a certified and/or licensed audiologist

Dysphagia

A disorder showing difficulty swallowing foods or liquids, arising from the throat or esophagus, ranging from mild difficulty to complete and painful blockage

Dysarthria

A disorder caused by muscle problems; can make it hard to talk; people may have trouble understanding what you say

Oral Motor Disorder

A disorder in which patients have trouble controlling her lips, tongue, and jaw muscles, which makes mouth skills - from talking to eating to sipping from a straw - tough to master

TBI

Brain dysfunction caused by an outside force, usually a violent blow to the head. It often occurs as a result of a severe sports injury or car accident. Immediate or delayed symptoms may include confusion, blurry vision, and concentration difficulty. Infants may cry persistently or be irritable.
Treatment may involve rest, medication, and surgery

AAC

An augmentative and alternative communication that focuses on all of the ways that someone communicates besides talking

Low tech AAC

An augmentative and alternative communication that focuses on gestures and facial expressions, writing, drawing, spelling words by pointing to letters, and pointing to photos, pictures, or written words

Mid tech AAC

An augmentative and alternative communication that focuses on electronic or battery-operated devices that offer more advanced functionalities than low-tech options. Examples: Audio books, electronic calendars, voice amplifiers, and basic communication devices

High tech AAC

An augmentative and alternative communication that focuses on using an app on an iPad or tablet to communicate and
using a computer with a "voice," sometimes called a speech-generating device

Principle I of the ASHA Code of Ethics focuses on the responsibility to the public (T/F)

False

A violation of the ASHA Code of Ethics

Misrepresenting one's credentials or qualifications

The ASHA Code of Ethics encourages professionals to engage in continuous professional development (T/F)

True

The ASHA Code of Ethics requires professionals to provide services only within the scope of their competence (T/F)

True

Principle IV of the ASHA Code of Ethics addresses responsibilities to which group?

The professions and relationships with colleagues, students, and members of other professions and disciplines

What does Principle II of the ASHA Code of Ethics primarily focus on?

Maintaining the highest level of professional competence and performance

According to the ASHA Code of Ethics, which of the following is an ethical responsibility of speech-language pathologists and audiologists?

Providing services that are within the scope of their competence

What is the primary focus of Principle III in the ASHA Code of Ethics?

Responsibility to the public

Professionals are required to honor the dignity and autonomy of the professions according to the ASHA Code of Ethics (T/F)

True

According to the ASHA Code of Ethics, which principle emphasizes the importance of providing services competently and using every resource, including referral when appropriate?

Principle 1

Which principle of the ASHA Code of Ethics includes the rule to "honor the dignity and autonomy of the professions, maintain harmonious interprofessional and intraprofessional relationships, and accept the professions' self-imposed standards"?

Principle IV

Principle III of the ASHA Code of Ethics focuses on maintaining the highest level of professional competence and performance (T/F)

False

Which of the following is NOT one of the four main principles of the ASHA Code of Ethics?

Responsibility to one's employer

Principle IV of the ASHA Code of Ethics addresses the responsibility to the professions and relationships with colleagues (T/F)

True

According to the ASHA Code of Ethics, it is acceptable to misrepresent one's credentials if it benefits the client (T/F)

False