Parasitology Practice Exam Review

Flashcards covering Parasitology Parts 1 and 2, including Amoeba, Flagellates, Hemoflagellates, Malaria, Cestodes, Trematodes, and Nematodes based on student lecture notes.

What is the characteristic shape of the ulcer found in the intestine due to Entameba Histolytica?

FLASK SHAPED ULCER

What is the infective dose of the quadrinucleated cyst for Entameba Histolytica?

$10-20$ cyst

What appearance does the liver pus show in a patient with Entameba Histolytica?

Anchovy sauce appearance

Under a microscope, what specific process do Entameba Histolytica trophozoites show?

Erythrophagocytosis (Red blood cells being digested)

Which axenic (pure) culture medium is used for Entameba Histolytica?

Diamond medium

What is the treatment regimen for Entameba Histolytica?

Metronidazole for $10$ days followed by a luminal amebicide like Paromomycin

Which two organisms are classified as "brain-eating amoeba"?

Naegleria fowleri and Acanthameba

What is the clinical course for Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) caused by Naegleria fowleri?

Acute-fatal

Which organism is the only ciliated protozoa that goes to the intestine?

Balantidium Coli

What is the most common parasitic infection found in the stool worldwide?

Giardia lamblia

What kind of motility is characteristic of Giardia lamblia trophozoites?

Falling leaf motility

What test involves ingesting a capsule attached to a string to catch Giardia lamblia from the duodenum?

String test or enterotest

Which parasite is the most common cause of non-gonococcal urethritis and is transmitted sexually?

Trichomonas Vaginalis

Does Trichomonas Vaginalis have a cyst form?

No, only the trophozoite form exists

What is the "Gold Standard" for the diagnosis of Free Living Amoebia?

NAAT (nucleic acid amplification testing)

What is the vector for Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease?

Reduviid bug or triatomine bug (kissing bug)

Identify the sign characterized by peri-orbital swelling in acute Chagas disease.

Romana sign

What are the three chronic manifestations of Chagas disease?

Cardiomegaly, Megaesophagus (Achalasia cardia), and Megacolon

How does the kinetoplast appear in Trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma species?

Kinetoplast is displaced behind the nucleus

What is the vector for African sleeping sickness?

Tsetse fly

What clinical sign is associated with T.b. gambiense (West African sleeping sickness)?

Winterbottom sign

Which form of Leishmania donovani is seen inside a macrophage?

Amastigote (also known as L. donovan bodies)

What is the most sensitive sample for diagnosing Leishmania donovani (Kala-azar)?

Spleen

What are the triad features of congenital toxoplasmosis?

Chorioretinitis, Cerebral calcification, and Convulsions

Which stain is used in the Sabin-Feldman test for Toxoplasma gondii?

Methylene blue stain

Which three coccidian parasites cause diarrhea in immunocompromised (HIV+) hosts?

Cryptosporidium, Cyclospora, and Isospora (Cystoisospora)

Which form of Malaria parasite is infective to humans during a mosquito bite?

Sporozoites

What are the reddish-pink dots seen in RBCs infected by P. vivax?

Schuffner dots

What is the appearance of P. falciparum gametocytes?

Banana-shaped or crescent-shaped

What is the name of the stain used in Light microscopy which is the gold standard for malaria diagnosis?

Jaswant Singh Bhattacharya stain

Which species of Plasmodium is associated with "Blackwater Fever"?

P. falciparum

What is the characteristic microscopic finding for Babesia microti?

Maltese cross or Tetrad of rings

Which cestode is an exception because it does not have suckers on its head?

Diphyllobothrium latum (it has two longitudinal grooves called bothria)

What is the mnemonic for cestodes that lack hooklets on the scolex?

TATA (Taenia saginata, Hymenolepis diminuta, Diphyllobothrium latum)

Which tapeworm is associated with Vitamin $B_{12}$ deficiency and megaloblastic anemia?

Diphyllobothrium latum (Fish tapeworm)

Which organism causes Neurocysticercosis and a "starry sky appearance" on radiology?

Taenia solium

What sign on an ultrasound represents floating membranes inside the fluid of a hydatid cyst?

Water lily sign

What does the acronym PAIR stand for in the treatment of Echinococcus?

Puncture, Aspiration, Injection, Re-aspiration

Which Schistosoma species has a terminal spine on its egg?

Schistosoma haematobium

What is the drug of choice for most trematodes (flukes)?

Praziquantel

Which nematode is known as the "whipworm" and can cause rectal prolapse?

Trichuris trichiura

A child with nocturnal perianal itching is most likely infected with which parasite?

Enterobius vermicularis (Pinworm)

Which nematode is capable of autoinfection and asexual reproduction (parthenogenesis)?

Strongyloides stercoralis

Which parasite is transmitted by the ingestion of undercooked pork containing encysted larvae?

Trichinella spiralis

Which filarial nematode is associated with "Chyluria" and "Elephantiasis" of the entire limb?

Wuchereria bancrofti

Which nematode is diagnosed by seeing two nuclei at the tail tip on a night blood smear?

Brugia malayi