immune system

Which of the following is false concerning innate and adaptive immunity?

1. Innate immunity includes external barriers and internal defenses 

2. Macrophages play a role in both innate and adaptive immunity 

3. Adaptive immunity Involves the production of antibodies 

4. Innate immunity is not specific against any particular type of pathogen (e.g., a certain virus or strain of bacteria) 

5. All of the above are true of innate immunity 

 

5. All of the above are true of innate immunity 

What are the two main physical barriers of innate immunity? 

Skin and mucosal membranes 

Skin provides a physical barrier by the presence of what protein? 

c. Keratin 

In what two ways do mucus membranes provide physical barriers? 

1. Mucus 

2. Cilia 

Which of the following is not an external chemical defense? 

Granzymes

Macrophages 

One type of antigen-presenting cell

Neutrophils

In most cases, the first phagocytic cell to respond to a pathogen

Helper T-cells

Stimulate increased rate of phagocytosis by macrophages

Natural killer cells

Recognize and destroy virus-infected or cancer cells

opsonization

The process of coating a potential pathogen with a protein to make it more susceptible to phagocytosis is

toll-like receptors

Receptors found on phagocytic cells that recognize specific class of microbes are known as _________

List four examples of processes that are part of innate immune defenses.

1. Phagocytosis 

2. Opsonization 

3. Inflammation 

4. Fever 

Which of the following is a false statement concerning inflammation?

Occurs in response to cancer 

Histamine

Produced by mast cells; promotes vasodilation and increased capillary permeability

Prostaglandins

Produced by the liver in inactive form; Activated by lysozymes

Leukocytosis-promoting factors

Produced by damaged tissue cells; Promotes the movement of phagocytes and lymphocytes out of the capillaries and to the site of infection

Kinins

Produced by the liver in inactive form; Activated by lysozymes

Complement proteins

Produced by the liver in inactive form; When activated results in destruction of bacteria by lysis and increased phagocytosis by opsonization

When infected by a virus, a host cell displays a warning signal (usually an altered membrane protein) that stimulates its own destruction by ________ cells.  The infected host cell also secretes ________ that inhibit reproduction of the virus in other infected cells. 

natural killer/ interferons

Which of the following is not a characteristic of adaptive immunity? 

Non-specific 

Which of the following is not an antigen-presenting cell? 

Neutrophil

A common class of drugs used to fight autoimmune disease leads to immunodeficiency is:

Glucocorticoids