Patriotic Music

Loyalists/Tories

Those who supported Britain (Not to be confused with modern-day Tories)

Patriots

Those who were against Britain

Stamp Act

Imposed a tax on many official documents

Declaratory Act

Assured the rights of Great Britain to tax the colonies

Townshend Acts

Enacted by Charles Townshed, punished colonies by taxing even more

John Dickinson

Published a series of essays called Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania

45

Issue of the newspaper that criticized King George III, became a symbol of patriotism

John Wilkes

Writer of the newspaper that dissed King George III; also received the Ephrata Codex from Benjamin Franklin

Circular Letter

Declared the Townshend acts unconstitutional

92

Number of delegates who agreed with the Circular Letter, became a symbol of patriotism

Song for American Freedom

July 4 1768, written by John Dickinson and Arthur Lee, had eight lines and went along to the tune Heart of Oak

Heart of Oak

A British tune by William Boyce, originally celebrated three British victories in the Seven Years War against France; official march song for British and Canadian navy

David Garrick

Debuted Heart of Oak on the London theater scene in 1759

The Liberty Song

Dickinson's revision of "song for American Freedom", lyrics became tamer and a stanza was added; it was America's first patriotic song

Evening-Post

A Boston newspaper who commented positively on the Liberty Song

Scotch snaps

Syncopated short-long rhythms with the shorter note occurring on the beat

Bawl

A loud meaningless noise

Brat

(Sometimes) illegitimate child

Bunter

Sex worker

New England Psalm Singer: or America Chorister

Psalm tunebook written by William Billings

William Billings

A composer, contributed tons of American sacred compositions, most popular song is "Chester"; he died in poverty due to his tunebook being pirated and his need to provide for six children

Old Stoughton Musical Society

Oldest active choral society in the United States

Canon

A song structured around imitative polyphony; similar to singing in rounds

Paul Revere

Silversmith who helped engrave the pages of Billing's tunebook

Edes and Gill

Publishing firm that released Billing's tunebook

Nathaniel Niles

Poet and minister, writer of "The American Hero"

The American Hero

Fifteen-stanza sapphick ode; was played at the Battle of Bunker Hill and at the burning of Charlestown; the message of the song is that sacrifices must be made for independence

Sapphic ode stanzas

Included three eleven syllable lines followed by a fourth line with five syllables

Lamentation Over Boston

Billing's song that responded to the Intolerable Acts of 1774; paraphrases many Bible verses

Intolerable Acts

Rose after the Boston Tea Party; included the Boston Port Bill

End of revolutionary war

Debated upon between the Yorktown surrender (1781) and the Treaty of Paris (1783)

Whiskey Rebellion

1791 rebellion that protested a federal excise tax on whiskey

excise tax

a tax added to a particular good or service

James Hewitt

the leader of the Old America Company's NY orchsetra

Southwark Theater

A theater in Philadelphia, AKA "The Theatre in Cedar Street" that set up protective spikes around the orchestra, which led to one of the dancers getting moderately injured upon falling into the spikes

Structure of theater production

Waiting music (orchestra) \> Prologue \> Orchestral interlude \> Main piece \> orchestral interlude \> Afterpiece

Robert Treat Paine

Author of the nwspaper "The Federal Orrery", he condemned theater riots

Lewis Hallam Jr. and John Hodgkinson

Managers of the Old American Company in Philadelphia; fearing audience violence at the Southwark theater, they hired composer Benjamin Carr to write the Federal Overture

Benjamin Carr

Older brother to Thomas Carr (who adapted the Star Spangled Banner), composer of the Federal Overture

Federal Overture

A medley overture that combined both Federalist and Anti-federalist songs to appeal to a wide theater audience; written by Benjamin Carr; intended to prevent theater violence; originally played before the tragic play The Grecian Daughter

New York Public Library

Library that contains a copy of the original version of the Federal Overture

La Marseillaise

The marching song for the Army of Rhine, composed by Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle; it became a French national anthem for a while; Federalists called it the "murder's song"

Ca ira

The official song of the French Revolution, originally called Le Carillon national and composed by Jean-Antoine Becourt

carmagnole

a short jacket worn by ordinary French citizens; wealthy French people wore long coats; American anti-federalists wore carmagnoles to share sympathy for the French revolution

Yankee

A dismissive nickname for American colonists; linked to Oliver Cromwell's nickname "Nankee Doodle"