Those who supported Britain (Not to be confused with modern-day Tories)
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Patriots
Those who were against Britain
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Stamp Act
Imposed a tax on many official documents
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Declaratory Act
Assured the rights of Great Britain to tax the colonies
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Townshend Acts
Enacted by Charles Townshed, punished colonies by taxing even more
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John Dickinson
Published a series of essays called Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania
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45
Issue of the newspaper that criticized King George III, became a symbol of patriotism
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John Wilkes
Writer of the newspaper that dissed King George III; also received the Ephrata Codex from Benjamin Franklin
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Circular Letter
Declared the Townshend acts unconstitutional
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92
Number of delegates who agreed with the Circular Letter, became a symbol of patriotism
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Song for American Freedom
July 4 1768, written by John Dickinson and Arthur Lee, had eight lines and went along to the tune Heart of Oak
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Heart of Oak
A British tune by William Boyce, originally celebrated three British victories in the Seven Years War against France; official march song for British and Canadian navy
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David Garrick
Debuted Heart of Oak on the London theater scene in 1759
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The Liberty Song
Dickinson's revision of "song for American Freedom", lyrics became tamer and a stanza was added; it was America's first patriotic song
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Evening-Post
A Boston newspaper who commented positively on the Liberty Song
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Scotch snaps
Syncopated short-long rhythms with the shorter note occurring on the beat
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Bawl
A loud meaningless noise
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Brat
(Sometimes) illegitimate child
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Bunter
Sex worker
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New England Psalm Singer: or America Chorister
Psalm tunebook written by William Billings
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William Billings
A composer, contributed tons of American sacred compositions, most popular song is "Chester"; he died in poverty due to his tunebook being pirated and his need to provide for six children
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Old Stoughton Musical Society
Oldest active choral society in the United States
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Canon
A song structured around imitative polyphony; similar to singing in rounds
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Paul Revere
Silversmith who helped engrave the pages of Billing's tunebook
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Edes and Gill
Publishing firm that released Billing's tunebook
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Nathaniel Niles
Poet and minister, writer of "The American Hero"
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The American Hero
Fifteen-stanza sapphick ode; was played at the Battle of Bunker Hill and at the burning of Charlestown; the message of the song is that sacrifices must be made for independence
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Sapphic ode stanzas
Included three eleven syllable lines followed by a fourth line with five syllables
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Lamentation Over Boston
Billing's song that responded to the Intolerable Acts of 1774; paraphrases many Bible verses
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Intolerable Acts
Rose after the Boston Tea Party; included the Boston Port Bill
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End of revolutionary war
Debated upon between the Yorktown surrender (1781) and the Treaty of Paris (1783)
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Whiskey Rebellion
1791 rebellion that protested a federal excise tax on whiskey
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excise tax
a tax added to a particular good or service
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James Hewitt
the leader of the Old America Company's NY orchsetra
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Southwark Theater
A theater in Philadelphia, AKA "The Theatre in Cedar Street" that set up protective spikes around the orchestra, which led to one of the dancers getting moderately injured upon falling into the spikes
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Structure of theater production
Waiting music (orchestra) \> Prologue \> Orchestral interlude \> Main piece \> orchestral interlude \> Afterpiece
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Robert Treat Paine
Author of the nwspaper "The Federal Orrery", he condemned theater riots
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Lewis Hallam Jr. and John Hodgkinson
Managers of the Old American Company in Philadelphia; fearing audience violence at the Southwark theater, they hired composer Benjamin Carr to write the Federal Overture
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Benjamin Carr
Older brother to Thomas Carr (who adapted the Star Spangled Banner), composer of the Federal Overture
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Federal Overture
A medley overture that combined both Federalist and Anti-federalist songs to appeal to a wide theater audience; written by Benjamin Carr; intended to prevent theater violence; originally played before the tragic play The Grecian Daughter
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New York Public Library
Library that contains a copy of the original version of the Federal Overture
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La Marseillaise
The marching song for the Army of Rhine, composed by Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle; it became a French national anthem for a while; Federalists called it the "murder's song"
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Ca ira
The official song of the French Revolution, originally called Le Carillon national and composed by Jean-Antoine Becourt
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carmagnole
a short jacket worn by ordinary French citizens; wealthy French people wore long coats; American anti-federalists wore carmagnoles to share sympathy for the French revolution
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Yankee
A dismissive nickname for American colonists; linked to Oliver Cromwell's nickname "Nankee Doodle"
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