Introduction to Exercise Physiology

These flashcards cover key vocabulary terms and concepts related to exercise physiology, as discussed in the lecture review.

Exercise Physiology

The study of how exercise alters the function of the body.

Kinesiology

The study of body movement.

Human Anatomy

The study of the structure of the body.

Physiology

The study of the function of body parts.

Physical Activity

Any bodily movement that increases energy expenditure.

Exercise

Planned and structured physical activity aimed at improving fitness.

Acute Responses

Immediate physiological changes following exercise.

Chronic Adaptations

Long-term physiological changes resulting from repeated exercise.

Homeostasis

The body's tendency to maintain a stable internal environment.

Metabolic Level

The rate at which the body uses energy.

Endurance

The ability to sustain prolonged physical activity.

Agility

The ability to move quickly and change direction with ease.

Resting Heart Rate

The number of heartbeats per minute while at rest.

Myokines

Muscle-produced substances that influence other organs.

Framingham Heart Study

A long-term study investigating cardiovascular disease risk factors.

Sliding Filament Theory

Explains how muscles contract through the sliding of filaments.

Nervous System

The system responsible for sensory information and motor responses.

Basic Research

Research focused on understanding fundamental physiological processes.

Applied Research

Research that investigates practical applications of physiological knowledge.

Gene Expression

The process by which information from a gene is used to synthesize functional products.

Epigenetics

Study of how environment and lifestyle changes can affect gene activity.

Chronic Disease

A long-term health condition that requires ongoing management.

Skeletal System

The structure of bones and joints that support the body.

Cardiovascular System

The system that circulates blood through the body.

Pulmonary System

The system involved in the gas exchange in the lungs.

Weight Training

A form of exercise using resistance for muscle development.

Aerobic Activity

Physical activity that requires oxygen to fuel the body's energy needs.

Anaerobic Activity

High-intensity physical activity that does not require oxygen.

Fitness Level

A measure of a person's physical condition and health.

Thermoregulation

The process of maintaining an optimal temperature for physiological processes.

Hydration

Maintaining the balance of fluids in the body.

Recovery

The process of returning the body to homeostasis after exercise.

Metabolic Rate

The rate at which the body expends energy.

Cardiac Output

The total volume of blood the heart pumps per minute.

Veins

Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart.

Arteries

Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.

Lungs

Organs responsible for gas exchange in breathing.

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

The energy currency of the cell used during physical activity.

Caloric Expenditure

The number of calories burned during physical activity.

Muscle Hypertrophy

The increase in muscle size through exercise.

Metabolic Syndrome

A cluster of conditions that increase the risk of heart disease and diabetes.

Cholesterol

A type of fat found in the blood essential for building cells.

Insulin

A hormone that regulates blood sugar levels.

Risk Factor

A characteristic or condition that increases the likelihood of a disease.

Sedentary

A lifestyle characterized by little physical activity.

Physical Education

Instruction in physical exercise and sports.

Fetal Exercise

Study of how physical activity affects health during pregnancy.

Sodium

A mineral that can affect blood pressure when consumed in excess.

Diabetes

A disease that occurs when blood sugar levels are too high.

Obesity

Excess body fat that negatively impacts health.

Cleaning as Physical Activity

Cleaning tasks that involve physical exertion and energy expenditure.

Structured Exercise

Planned physical activities designed to improve fitness.

Interdependent Systems

Different physiological systems that work together to maintain health.

Academic Pursuit

A study or investigation into a specific field.