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Information Management (IM)
The process of collecting, storing, managing, and maintaining information in an organized way to ensure accessibility, security, and usefulness.
Information Lifecycle
The stages information goes through: Create, Use, Store, Destroy or Preserve, and Protect.
Physical Data
Information assets in physical form, such as papers, documents, and books.
Digital Data
Information assets in digital form, such as files, databases, and online information.
Importance of IM
Ensures organization, protection, efficient decision-making, cost reduction, and legal compliance.
Key Components of IM
Governance, Systems, Processes, Sharing & Delivery.
Five Pillars of IM
Leadership, Operations, Processes, Data, Technology.
Benefits of IM
Easy retrieval, cost savings, improved transparency, business continuity, and legal compliance.
RA 10173
The Data Privacy Act of 2012 in the Philippines, protecting personal data and privacy.
National Privacy Commission (NPC)
The Philippine agency overseeing data privacy and enforcing the Data Privacy Act.
Database
A collection of related data designed for a specific purpose.
Database Management System (DBMS)
A computerized system for creating, maintaining, and manipulating databases.
Characteristics of Database Approach
Self-describing nature, data abstraction, multiple views, and multi-user processing.
Database Administrator (DBA)
Manages security, performance, and user access in a database system.
Database Designer
Structures data for efficient storage and retrieval.
System Analyst
Determines requirements and develops specifications for database systems.
End User
Queries, updates, and reports data in a database system.
Advantages of DBMS
Reduces redundancy, restricts unauthorized access, supports complex relationships, ensures data integrity.
Relational Model
A data model introducing data abstraction and flexibility.
NoSQL Systems
Databases handling large-scale, unstructured data.
Data Abstraction
Suppressing details of data organization to highlight essential features.
Data Models
Concepts describing the structure of a database, including entities, attributes, and relationships.
High-Level Data Models
Provide concepts close to how users perceive data, such as entities and relationships.
Low-Level Data Models
Describe how data is stored on computer storage media.
Entities
Represent real-world objects or concepts in a database.
Attributes
Properties of interest describing entities.
Relationships
Associations between two or more entities.
Database Schema
A description of a database's structure, including tables, relationships, and constraints.
Schema Diagram
A visual representation of a database schema.
Database State
The data in a database at a particular moment in time.
Three-Schema Architecture
Internal, Conceptual, and External levels separating user applications from the physical database.
Data Definition Language (DDL)
Used to define database schemas.
Data Manipulation Language (DML)
Used for retrieving and updating data in a database.
DBMS Interfaces
Include menu-based, forms-based, graphical, and natural language interfaces.
Centralized DBMS
All DBMS functionality is carried out on one machine.
Client/Server Architecture
Separates client and server functions in a database system.
Relational Algebra
A procedural query language defining operations on relations.
Relational Calculus
A non-procedural query language using logical predicates.
Selection Operation
Retrieves specific rows from a table based on a condition.
Projection Operation
Retrieves specific columns from a table.
Join Operation
Combines tuples from two relations based on a condition.
Natural Join
Matches tuples based on common attribute names.
Cartesian Product
Combines every tuple from one table with every tuple from another.
Set Operations
Include Union, Intersection, and Set Difference.
Query Optimization
Improves database performance by reducing computational load.
Entity-Relationship (ER) Model
A high-level conceptual data model for designing databases.
ER Diagram
A visual representation of entities, attributes, and relationships in a database.
Cardinality Ratio
Specifies the maximum number of relationship instances an entity can participate in.
Participation Constraints
Specify whether an entity's existence depends on its relationship with another entity.
Specialization
Subdividing entities into subtypes.
Generalization
Merging subtypes into a higher-level entity.
