drug administration

what are the six rights of medication administration

right drug, right dose, right time, right route/technique, right patient, right document

six ROMA: right drug

have a general knowledge of what the medication is for and what is going on with the patient

six ROMA: right dose

current drug referenced used, develop a general knowledge of amount based on patient size

six ROMA: right time

affects plasma levels, verify frequency and when was last administered

six ROMA: right route/technique

assess for contraindications, know potential adverse effects

six ROMA: right patient

verify cage card to patient or verify name if in the exam room

six ROMA: right documentation

document drug name, dose, time, date, route, adverse event, initial

therapeutic range

range of drug concentration in the blood plasma that produces the desired effect with minimal or no signs of toxicity

minimum effective concentration (MEC)

lowest quantity of drug at the site that produces the intended response

onset of action

time until the drug reaches the MEC

subtherapeutic range

drug concentration at the site below the MEC

maximum safe concentration (MSC)

highest plasma concentration without toxic effects

duration of action

length of time the drug produces the desired effect (time above the MEC)

minimum toxic concentration

concentration just above the MSC

toxicity range

drug concentration above the MTC that produces toxicity

factors that can affect the therapeutic range

disease status, other drugs, breeds

three factors of staying within the therapeutic range

route of administration, drug dose, dosage interval

route of administration: oral

parenteral, non-injectable

route of administration: IV

different amounts at once, bolus, continuous rate infusion

bolus

a set amount over a short period of time

continuous rate infusion (CRI)

give continually over extended period of time

route of administration: SQ

slower than IV and IM, large volume can be given

route of administration: non-injectable

topical, inhalation, rectal, transdermal, intranasal, intramammary

drug dose

amount of a drug administered at one time

initial dose

first dose

loading dose

initial dose used to achieve therapeutic blood levels in a short time

maintenance dose

drug dose that keeps the drug in the therapeutic range

dosing interval

frequency of drug administration, number of times daily or at specific time intervals

things that take us out the therapeutic range

overdose, adverse effects, accidental exposure, drug interactions, incorrect treatment