Buddhism - Religious figures and Sacred texts
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57 Terms
How many years after Buddha was the Pali Canon written physically after being chanted?
300 years after
Who wrote the first Buddhist scriptures?
Therevada monks in Pali language
What were the first Buddhist texts written on?
Palm leaves
What is Therevada called? (TWOTE)
The Way of the Elders
What is the last surviving school that uses only the Pali Canon?
Therevada Buddhism
What does Vinaya mean?
Doctrine
What does Sutta mean?
Discourse/thread
Where are the Jataka tales found?
The Sutta Pitaka
What does the Dhammapada contain?
Buddha's birth story
What is the Abidhamma Pitaka?
Learned commentaries on the teachings of the Buddha. For experienced monks
Where is the patimokkha found?
The Vinaya Pitaka
Where are the Pairs and Evil found?
Chapters 1 and 9 of the Dhammapada
Where is the Dhammacakkappavttana Sutta found?
The Sutta Pitaka
The rules are not so much prohibitions but...
aids to spiritual development
How is the importance of the Vinaya Pitaka shown?
It is chanted on observance days aka uposatha days
Which monks attend the ceremony?
Every monk
How many Nikayas are the suttas grouped into?
5 nikayas
What are the samyutta nikaya?
The Grouped Discourses
What texts are in the Samyutta Nikaya?
8FP, 4NT, Skhandas
"If a man speaks holy words but he speaks and does not, this thoughtless man cannot enjoy the life of holiness"
Dhammapada
Which Buddhist sect primarily studies the Sutta Pitaka?
Therevada Buddhists
What does "Abidhamma" mean?
Higher teaching
What does Buddhavacana mean?
The word of the Buddha
How important is the Pali Canon for Mahayana Buddhists?
Less important because they are more likely to follow Mahayana scriptures
What do schools of Mahayana Buddhism like Zen prefer over reading scriptures?
Meditating
Why could the Pali Canon be seen as less authentic?
Because it was passed down by oral tradition
What are the implications of the Pali Canon being passed down orally?
Could be less reliable therefore isn't Buddhavacana
What harmony does Harvey believe the Pali Canon has?
Overall harmony. It is mainly corroborative which suggests it is largely in line with the original suttas
Does authority matter to Buddhists. Give answer for yes it does
If the scriptures are Buddhavacana then they are very important as Siddhartha was a sammasambuddha
What sort of tradition does the Pali Canon hold?
Due to the Pali Canon being a 2500 year religion, the sense of belonging to a community with rich history is important to many Buddhists
What do Therevada Buddhists believe about the importance of Buddha's personal history?
The message matters more than the man
How does the parable of the raft illustrate the importance or lack of importance of Buddha's teachings
The teachings should be used relatively to the situation and skillfully (upaya)
What is one of the earliest Mahayana scriptures?
The prajnaparamita
What is the Diamond Sutra?
Elaborates the mental attachment and illusions that blind the mind to the nature of samsara
What is the heart sutra?
The description of Avalokitesvaras insight into sunyata (emptiness)
The Heart Sutra is a teaching by...
Avalokitesvara the bodhisattva of compassion (karuna)
What does the heart sutra contain?
Teachings about sunya/sunyata (emptiness). The skhandas, the cycle of samsara, the four noble truths
"Form is emptiness...
emptiness is form" - Heart Sutra
What are the five skandhas
form, sensation, perception, mental formation, consciousness
Are the skandhas dependent on eachother
Yes
Right Understanding
understanding suffering is caused by wanting things to go your way or wanting things not to change
Right thoughts
Gautama explained these as including thoughts of renunciation, goodwill and "non-harming".
Right Speech
Speak kindly and truthfully "noble silence" rahula
Right Action
Don't steal from or harm others
Right livelihood
Respect life
Right effort
Prevent evil and do good
Right Mindfulness
"walk as if your feet are kissing the ground" Every action should be considerate
Right Meditation
Developing tranquillity and concentration of mind, which lead to insight into reality
"If you are a poet, you will clearly see that...
there is a cloud floating in this sheet of paper" Thich Nhat Hanh
What argument from philosophy could you draw parallels with to the argument on interdependence?
The Cosmological Argument
Who highly values the Lotus Sutra?
Mahayana Buddhists
What does the lotus sutra incentivise?
The use of upaya
Which parable explains the importance of upaya?
The Parable of the Burning House
What does the burning house represent in the parable of the burning house?
The cycle of samsara
What does the father represent in the parable of the burning house?
Buddha
Who do the children represent in the parable of the burning house?
The children represent humanity who are stuck in samsara (The house)
What does the cart of toys represent in the parable of the burning house?
Earthly pleasures which lead to attatchment