APUSH Unit 7.1'-7.6 Terms (Progressives, Imperialism, WWI)

Imperialism

A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries poitically, socially, and economically.

Social Darwinism

The application of ideas about evolution and "survival of the fittest" to human societies - particularly as a justification for their imperialist expansion.

Alaska Purchase

-purchased from Russia, 1867

-later found to have precious natural resources such as gold and oil

Hawaii

American planters organize a revolt against the Queen in 1893, US later annexes it in 1898, under President McKinley

Spanish American War

In 1898, a conflict between the United States and Spain, in which the U.S. supported the Cubans' fight for independence

Yellow journalism

Journalism that exploits, distorts, or exaggerates the news to create sensations and attract readers

U.S.S. Maine

"start" of the Spanish-American war; exploded off the coast of Cuba and it was blamed on the Spanish; heightened by yellow journalists

Rough Riders

Volunteer regiment of US Cavalry led by Teddy Roosevelt during the Spanish American War

Philippines, Puerto Rico, Guam, Guantanamo Bay Cuba

Territories acquired by the US in the Imperial period

Platt Amendment

Legislation that severely restricted Cuba's sovereignty and gave the US the right to intervene in Cuban affairs

Roosevelt Corollary

Addition to the Monroe Doctrine (told Europe not to intervene) asserting America's right to intervene in Latin American affairs

Panama and Colombia

1903; US, under Theodore Roosevelt, helped Panama gain independence from the other so that the US could get the rights to the land needed to build the Panama Canal

Open Door Policy

A policy proposed by the US in 1899, under which ALL nations would have equal opportunities to trade in China.

Progressivism

The movement in the late 1890s and early 1900s to I crease the rile of government in America, by curbing the power of the corporations, and increasing the voting power of ordinary Americans. It fought to end corruption in government and business, and worked to bring equal rights of women and other groups that had been left behind during the industrial revolution.

Pure Food and Drug Act, 1906

Influenced by Uptain Sinclair's The Jungle, and signed into law by Teddy Roosevelt Forbade the manufacture or sale of mislabeled or adulterated food or drugs, it gave the government broad powers to ensure the safety and efficacy of drugs in order to abolish the "patent" drug trade. Enforced by the Food and Drug Administration or FDA.

Sherman Anti-trust Act

an 1890 law that banned the formation of trusts and monopolies in the United States and allows government to break up monopolies and trusts

Referendum

A state-level method of direct legislation that gives voters a chance to approve or disapprove proposed legislation or a proposed constitutional amendment.

19th Amendment

1920- Gave women the right to vote.

NAACP

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Organization founded in 1909 to abolish segregation and discrimination and to achieve political and civil rights for African Americans. Used the courts to help fight discrimination

Muckrakers

Journalists who searched for corruption in politics and big business during the late Gilded Age.... Dug up dirt (muck) that progressive reformers would try to fix

Women's suffrage

A movement that aimed for women's right to vote.

WEB DuBois

1st African-America to earn a PhD from Harvard, encouraged black Americans to resist systems of segregation and discrimination, helped create NAACP

16th Amendment

1913 - Allows the federal government to collect income tax

18th Amendment

1919 - Ban on sale, manufacture, and transport of alcoholic beverages. Repealed by 21st amendment

Square Deal

Economic policy by Roosevelt that favored fair relationships between companies and workers

Conservation

TR's push to protect natural resources, including the setting aside of lands that became several national parks

William Taft

Considered to be one of the progressive presidents, and continued Roosevelts use of trust busting However, he angered progressives by being too cautious (not progressive enough) toward reforms and by supporting tariffs; he lost Roosevelt's support and was defeated for a second term by Wilson

Election of 1912

Presidential campaign involving Taft, Roosevelt, and Wilson. Taft and TR split the Republican vote, enabling Wilson to win with less than half the votes

Woodrow Wilson

known for World War I leadership, created Federal Reserve, progressive income tax, lower tariffs, women's suffrage, sought 14 points post-war plan as part of the Treaty of Versailles, (but failed to win U.S. ratification if the treaty, which included a league of nations)

WWI time period and alliances

A war fought from 1914 to 1918 between the Allies, notably Britain, France, Russia, and Italy vs the Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire.

U.S. entrance into WWI

(1917) U.S. declared war on Germany's renewal of unrestricted submarine-warfare, and the Zimmerman note

Espionage and Sedition Act

Two laws enacted to impose harsh penalties on anyone interfering with or speaking against U.S participation in WWI

Socialists

Group that believed nation's resources and industries should be owned and operated by the government on behalf of the people

Schenck v. United States

Court case that permitted limits on freedom of speech, if the speech caused a "clear and present danger". In the Courts view, speaking out against the draft (mandatory military conscription) is such a threat during wartime

Russian Revolution

Prompted by labor unrest, personal liberties, and elected representatives, this political revolution occurred in 1917 when Czar Nicholas II was murdered and Vladimir Lenin sought control to implement his ideas of socialism.

14 Points

President Woodrow Wilson's plan for organizing post World War I Europe and for avoiding future wars.

Treaty of Versailles

the treaty imposed on Germany by the Allied powers in 1920 after the end of World War I which demanded exorbitant reparations from the Germans

League of Nations

A world organization established in 1920 to promote international cooperation and peace. It was first proposed in 1918 by President Woodrow Wilson, although the United States never joined the League. Essentially powerless, it was officially dissolved in 1946.

Isolationism

A policy of avoiding political or military involvement with other countries

Great Migration

Movement of African American from the rural south into Northern cities between 1914 and 1920

recall

A procedure allowing the people to vote to dismiss an elected official from state office before his or her term has expired.

Zimmerman Telegram

A telegram Germany Sent to Mexico to convince Mexico to attack the U.S. in 1917

Lusitania

A British passenger ship that was sunk by a German U-Boat on May 7, 1915. 128 Americans died. The sinking greatly turned American opinion against the Germans, helping the move towards entering the war.

Unrestricted submarine warfare

A policy that the Germans would sink any ship in British waters without warning

17th Amendment

Established the direct election of senators (instead of being chosen by state legislatures)

Senate League of Nations vote

The Senate (mainly Republican) voted against the League of Nations because they felt that if the US became part of an international organization they would lose authority/autonomy to what other countries wanted

Common purposes of U.S. propaganda in WWI and WWII

encourage people to: buy war bonds; enlist in the military; support the country/government's efforts; ration/conserve food or supplies

Schenck v. United States (1919)

Speech may be punished if it creates a clear-and-present-danger test of illegal acts. An example would be yelling "fire in a crowded theatre" which could cause actual, physical harm to others. In the Schenck case, the Court ruled against Schenck case, because the Court said he was interfering with enlistment of soldiers by handing out anti-war leaflets.