U9+Notes-3+Ch+14+Polymers+and+Plasmas+HChem

How does addition polymerization work?

Addition polymers are formed by the direct addition of monomers with unsaturated bonds (like alkenes) without the elimination of by-products, resulting in a polymer that retains all atoms of the original monomers.

What is condensation polymerization?

Condensation polymerization is a process where monomers join together, releasing small molecules (like water) as by-products.

What is polymerization?

The reaction that joins monomers to form polymers.

What characterizes Newtonian fluids?

They behave and pour like water, with viscosity affected by temperature.

What is a non-Newtonian fluid?

A liquid in which viscosity can be affected by factors other than temperature.

What happens to viscosity in shear thinning?

Viscosity lowers when stress is applied.

What is an example of a shear thickening fluid?

Quicksand or cornstarch mixed with water.

What are some examples of natural polymers?

RNA, DNA, starch, cellulose, chitin, cotton, natural rubber.

What is polyethylene commonly used to make?

Plastic sandwich bags and milk jugs.

what is an addition polymer

Addition polymers are formed by breaking double bonds without eliminating a by-product

What is an example of an addition polymer?

Polyethylene or polystyrene.

What are some examples of condensation polymers?

Polyester and polyamides (like nylon).

How is slime formed?

By reacting Borax with glue, which causes cross-linking of the glue polymer and borate ions.

What is plasma?

A superheated matter that consists of hot ionized gas with equal numbers of positive ions and negative electrons.

Why is plasma considered a distinct state of matter?

It has significantly different characteristics from ordinary neutral gases.

How does plasma conduct electricity?

Due to the presence of both positive and negative charged particles.

What percentage of the visible universe is comprised of plasma?

Over 99%.

What one physical phenomenon demonstrates plasma in nature?

Stars, nebulas, and auroras.

What are some uses of plasma in research?

Experimental fusion research, producing radioisotopes, nanomaterials, and assisting in environmental clean-up.