✅️⭐️6 - Thoracic Limb Muscles & Joints 2

flexor

The following muscles are part of the [extensor/flexor] group:

-flexor carpi radialis

-superficial digital flexor

-flexor carpi ulnaris

-deep digital flexor

2 multiple choice options

extensor

The arrow on the left is pointing to [extensor/flexor] muscles

2 multiple choice options

flexor

The arrow on the right is pointing to [extensor/flexor] muscles

2 multiple choice options

flexor carpi radialis

What muscle is shown?

medial epicondyle of the humerus

Origin of flexor carpi radialis:

palmar base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpal bones

Insertion of flexor carpi radialis:

flex the carpal joints

Action of flexor carpi radialis:

flexor carpi radialis

What muscle are the following associated with?

Origin: medial epicondyle of the humerus

Insertion: palmar base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpal bones

Action: flex the carpal joints

superficial digital flexor

What muscle is shown?

medial epicondyle of humerus

Origin of superficial digital flexor:

palmar bases of middle phalanges

Insertion of superficial digital flexor:

flex the carpal joints; flex the metacarpophalangeal joints; flex the proximal interphalangeal joints

Action of superficial digital flexor:

superficial digital flexor

The following are associated with what muscle?

Origin: medial epicondyle of the humerus

Insertion: palmar bases of the middle phalanges

Action: flex the carpal joints; flex the metacarpophalangeal joints; flex the proximal interphalangeal joints

flexor carpi ulnaris

What muscle is shown?

medial epicondyle of the humerus olecranon of the ulna

Origin of flexor carpi ulnaris:

accessory carpal bone

Insertion of flexor carpi ulnaris:

flex the antebrachiocarpal joint

Action of flexor carpi ulnaris:

flexor carpi ulnaris

The following are associated with what muscle?

Origin: medial epicondyle of the humerus olecranon of the ulna

Insertion: accessory carpal bone

Action: flex the antebrachiocarpal joint

deep digital flexor

What muscle is shown?

- Ulnar head: (1)body of the ulna

- Humeral head: (2) medial epicondyle of the humerus;

- Radial head: (3) body of the radius

Origin of deep digital flexor:

flexor tubercles of the distal phalanges

Insertion of deep digital flexor:

flex the carpal joints; flex the digital joints

Action of deep digital flexor:

deep digital flexor

The following are associated with what muscle?

Origin:

- Ulnar head: (1)body of the ulna

- Humeral head: (2) medial epicondyle of the humerus;

- Radial head: (3) body of the radius

Insertion: flexor tubercles of the distal phalanges

Action: flex the carpal joints; flex the digital joints

reviewed

Review: deep digital flexor

1. pronator teres

2. pronator quadratus

What are the 2 pronator muscles?

pronator teres

What is muscle A?

medial epicondyle of humerus

Origin of pronator teres:

body of radius

Insertion of pronator teres:

pronation of manus

Action of pronator teres:

pronator teres

The following are associated with what muscle?

Origin: medial epicondyle of the humerus

Insertion: body of radius

Action: pronation of the manus

pronator quadratus

What is muscle B?

apposed surfaces of radius and ulna

Attachments of pronator quadratus:

pronation of manus

Action of pronator quadratus:

pronator quadratus

The following are associated with what muscle?

Attachments: apposed surfaces of the radius and the ulna

Action: pronation of the manus

collateral lateral ligament of carpal joints

What is A?

accessory carpal bone

What is B?

palmar radiocarpal & palmar ulnocarpal ligaments

What is C?

collateral medial ligament of carpal joints

What is D?

intersesamoidean ligament

Connective tissue between the proximal sesamoid bones. Digits II-V

intersesamoidean ligament

What is A?

axial & abaxial collateral ligament of metacarpophalangeal joint

What is B?

cruciate ligament of sesamoid bone

What is C?

axial & abaxial collateral ligg. of proximal interphalangeal joint

What is A?

axial & abaxial collateral ligg. of distal interphalangeal joint

What is B?

DDF tendon

What is A?

SDF tendon

What is B?

accessory carpal bone

What is C?

flexor retinaculum

What is D?

palmar carpal fibrocartilage

What is E?

carpal tunnel

What is located in the yellow circle?

carpal tunnel

Canal among palmar carpal fibrocartilage, flexor retinaculum and accessory carpal bone. Important structures run trough this canal like: DDF tendon, median nerve and some vessels

carpal tunnel syndrome

Common condition that causes numbness, tingling, and pain in the hand and forearm. The condition occurs when one of the major nerves to the hand — the median nerve — is squeezed or compressed as it travels through the wrist.

interossei (4) & interosseus (1)

What muscles are shown?

palmar base of respective metacarpal bone

Origin of interossei & interosseus:

proximal sesamoid bones & palmar base of respective proximal phalanx (tendon of common digital extensor dorsally via extensor branch)

Insertion of interossei & interosseus:

support and flex metacarpophalangeal joint

Action of interossei & interosseus:

interossei & interosseus

The following are associated with what muscle(s)?

Origin: palmar base of respective metacarpal bone

Insertion: proximal sesamoid bones & palmar base proximal phalanx (tendon of common digital extensor dorsally via extensor branch)

Action: supports and flex metacarpophalangeal joint

interosseus muscle

What is A?

common digital extensor tendon

What is B?

extensor branch of interosseus

What is C?

deep digital flexor tendon

What is A?

superficial digital flexor tendon

What is B?

SDF

What is C?

DDF

What is D?

palmar annular ligament

What is A?

proximal digital annular ligament

What is B?

distal digital annular ligament

What is C?

annular

_____ means ring shaped structure

collateral ligaments

What is A?

dorsal elastic ligament

What is the arrow pointing to?

collateral ligaments

What is the arrow pointing to?

extrinsic

[Extrinsic/intrinsic] muscles join the forelimb to the trunk

2 multiple choice options

girdle

Extrinsic muscles are also known as _____ muscles

1. thoracic

2. cervical

What are the 2 parts of the Trapezius muscle?

trapezius

What muscle is being shown?

cervical: dorsal midline of neck

thoracic: dorsal midline of thorax

Origin of trapezius:

spine of scapula

Insertion of trapezius:

elevate thoracic limb; adduct scapula

Action of trapezius:

trapezius

The following are associated with what muscle?

Origin:

-cervical: dorsal midline of neck

-thoracic: dorsal midline of thorax

Insertion: spine of the scapula

Action: elevate the thoracic limb, adduct the scapula

1. cleidocephalicus

2. cleidobrachialis

What are the 2 parts of the brachiocephalicus?

cleidomastoideus

What is A?

cleidocervicalis

What is B?

cleidobrachialis

What is C?

clavicular intersection / clavicle

Origin of brachiocephalicus:

distal in body of humerus (ulna in cat)

Insertion of cleidobrachialis:

mastoid part: mastoid process of temporal bone

cervical part: dorsal midline of neck

Insertion of cleidocephalicus:

pull thoracic limb cranially; depress and pull head and neck laterally

Action of brachiocephalicus:

brachiocephalicus

The following are associated with what muscle?

Origin: clavicular intersection / clavicle

Insertion:

- cleidobrachialis: distal in body of humerus (ulna in cat)

- cleidocephalicus:

---mastoid part: mastoid process of temporal bone

---cervical part: dorsal midline of neck

Action: pull thoracic limb cranially; depress and pull head and neck laterally

clavicular intersection

What is the arrow pointing to?

cleidocervicalis

What is A?

cleidomastoideus

What is B?

cleidobrachialis

What is C?

omotransversarius

What muscle is shown?

wing of atlas

Cranial most attachment of omotransversarius:

distal spine of scapula

Caudal most attachment of omotransversarius:

pull thoracic limb cranially; depress and pull head and neck laterally

Action of omotransversarius:

omotransversarius

The following are associated with what muscle?

Cranial-most attachment: wing of the atlas

Caudal-most attachment: distal spine of the scapula

Action: pull thoracic limb cranially; depress and pull head and neck laterally

omotransversarius

What muscle is shown?

latissimus dorsi

What muscle is being shown?

thoracolumbar fascia

Origin of latissimus dorsi: