3.1.1 Fundamental particles

What principle quantum number (or n) do we refer to each shell in the electron configuration?

1st shell: n=1

2nd shell: n=2

3rd shell: n=3

4th shell: n=4

How do we calculate how much electrons each shell can hold?

2n*2

E.g. 1st shell(1*1=1 → 2X1=2) 2 electrons

2nd shell (2*2=4 → 2X4=8) 8 electrons

How do we calculate how much electrons each shell can hold?

A cloud of negative charge. ( the negative charge cloud has the shape if the orbital occupied by the electron)

What is an electron?

A cloud of negative charge. ( the negative charge cloud has the shape of the orbital occupied by the electron)

What would the electron configuration of vanadium (Ar=23) be? Why did 4s fill out before 3d?

1s*2 2s*2 2p*6 3s*2 3p*6 3d*3 4s*2

Because sub-shell 3d has a higher energy level than sub-shell 4s

What would the electron configuration of vanadium (Ar=23) be? Why did 4s fill out before 3d?

1s*2 2s*2 2p*6 3s*2 3p*6 3d*3 4s*2

Because sub-shell 3d has a higher energy level than sub-shell 4s

Note- The elements in specific blocks all have their outermost shell in that specific sub-shell.

1.What sub-shell is sodium’s outer electron in?

Note-The rows tells us the specific sub shell that elements have their outermost electron in.

2. What sub-shell is sodium’s outer electron in?

1. The s-sub shell. 2. 3s-sub shell

Note- The elements in specific blocks all have their outermost shell in that specific sub-shell.

1.What sub-shell is sodium’s outer electron in?

Note-The rows tells us the specific sub shell that elements have their outermost electron in.

2. What sub-shell is sodium’s outer electron in?

1. The s-sub shell. 2. 3s-sub shell

Answer image question by writing the electron config and shorthand configuration?

Note-In the shorthand configuration, instead of writing the whole configuration, you write the noble gas in brackets that is in the row before the element you are working on. Also, the difference in electron number determines which orbitals you show on the shorthand configuration.(You include the last orbitals that have the same electron configuration as the difference in electrons on the the periodic table)

Answer image question by writing the electron config and shorthand configuration?

Note-In the shorthand configuration, instead of writing the whole configuration, you write the noble gas in brackets that is in the row before the element you are working on. Also, the difference in electron number determines which orbitals you show on the shorthand configuration.(You include the last orbitals that have the same electron configuration as the difference in electrons on the the periodic table)

In the image, why is the d-sub-shell shown in the shorthand configuration?

Are we only allowed to use the noble gas that is in the period before the actual element of our electron configuration when doing the shorthand electron configuration?

Because electrons in the d subshell can be involved in chemical reactions.

Yes.