AP Lang: Semester 1 Final Review- Part 1

What is a scheme?

Sentence structure

Isocolon example

The bigger they are, the harder they fall

Antithesis example

"That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind."

Juxtaposition example

It was the best of times, it was the worst of times

Tricolon example

I came, I saw, I conquered

Hyperbaton

Inversion in the arrangement of common words

Hyperbaton example

In California grow oranges

Chiasmus example

Charm is a woman's strength, strength is a man's charm

Asyndeton

Omitting conjunctions between words, phrases, or clauses

Asyndeton example

On his return he received medals, honors, treasures, titles, fame.

Auxesis example

"It's a well hit ball, it's a long drive, it might be, it could be, it IS . . . a home run."

Epanalepsis

Same word/words at both the beginning and end of a phrase

Anaphora

Same word/words is repeated at the beginning of 2 or more lines, clauses, or sentences

Epistrophe

Repetition of phrases/words at the ends of successive clauses

Anadiplosis

Repetition of a word or words in successive clauses, the second starts with the end of the previous clause, can be a sub form of chiasmus

Anadiplosis example

Fear leads to anger. Anger leads to hate. Hate leads to suffering.

Apostrophe

Directly address an absent or imaginary person or a personified object

Apostrophe example

"o happy dagger! this is thy sheath; there rust, and let me die."

Logos

Appeal to logic or concrete facts

Ethos

Setting up a source as credible and trustworthy.

Isocolon

2 or more parts of a sentence are identical in length, rhythm, and structure

Antithesis

Opposition or contrast in ideas

Juxtaposition

When two words, phrases, images, ideas are placed close together or side by side for comparison or contrast

Tricolon

Series of 3 parallel phrases or clauses

Chiasmus

2 successive phrases or clauses are parallel in syntax but reverse in order of the words and rhythm can change, may not only repeat structure, not necessarily same words, 2 clauses are opposite in meaning

Polysyndeton

Emphasis which intentionally employs a series of conjunctions not normally found in successive words, phrases, and clauses

Polysyndeton example

We lived and laughed and loved and left.

Auxesis

Series of clauses increasing for force or effect

Epanalepsis example

"Nothing is worse than doing nothing."

Anaphora example

My life is my purpose. My life is my goal. My life is my inspiration.

Epistrophe example

"I'll have my bond! Speak not against my bond! I have sworn an oath that I will have my bond!"

Pathos

Appeal to emotions