The Civil Rights Movement

Flashcards about the early years of the Civil Rights Movement, key figures, and pivotal events.

What was the 'separate-but-equal' doctrine established in Plessy v. Ferguson?

Segregation was constitutional as long as equal facilities were provided for African Americans.

What is de facto segregation?

Segregation by custom and tradition.

What was the 'separate-but-equal' doctrine established in Plessy v. Ferguson?

Segregation was constitutional as long as equal facilities were provided for African Americans.

What is de facto segregation?

Segregation by custom and tradition.

What is a sit-in?

A form of protest where people sit down and refuse to leave.

What does inherent mean?

Belonging to someone as a permanent quality.

What does specific mean?

Clearly defined or identified.

What does register mean?

To enroll or sign up formally.

What does NAACP stand for?

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

Who was Thurgood Marshall?

NAACP's chief counsel and director of its Legal Defense and Education Fund.

Who was Linda Brown?

African American girl who was denied admission to her neighborhood school in Topeka, Kansas, because of her race, leading to the Brown v. Board of Education case.

Who was Martin Luther King, Jr.?

A pastor who led the Montgomery Improvement Association.

What is the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)?

An organization established in 1957 to eliminate segregation from American society and to encourage African Americans to register to vote.

What was the outcome of the Brown v. Board of Education case?

Supreme Court case that declared segregation in public schools unconstitutional.

What was the immediate reaction to Rosa Parks's arrest in Montgomery, Alabama?

African Americans organized a boycott of the bus system.

What role did African American churches play in the civil rights movement?

They served as forums for protests and planning meetings, and mobilized volunteers for civil rights campaigns.

How did President Eisenhower respond to the events in Little Rock, Arkansas?

He sent the U.S. Army to Little Rock, Arkansas, to enforce the authority of the federal government after the governor defied a court order to desegregate Central High School.