CHEM 115-Spring 2025 Exam 1

Methyl Chloride IUPAC name

Chloromethane

Ethyl Bromide IUPAC name

Bromoethane

Isopropyl Fluoride IUPAC name

2-Fluoropropane

tert-Butyl chloride

2-Chloro-2-methylpropane

Alkane

a hydrocarbon containing only single covalent bonds. Condensed Structure CH3(CH2)2CH3

Alkene

double bond. Condensed Structure CH3CH2CHCHCH3

Alkyne

carbon-carbon triple bond. Condensed Structure CH3CH2CCH

Alcohol

C-OH. Condensed Structure CH3CH2OH

Ether

C-O-C. Condensed Structure (CH3CH2)2O

Thiol

C-SH. Condensed Structure CH3CH2SH

Amine 1st degree

C-N. Condensed Structure CH3CH2NH

Amine 2nd degree

C-N. Condensed Structure (CH3CH2)2NH

Amine 3rd degree

C-N. Condensed Structure (CH3CH2)3N

Amine 4th degree

C-N. Condensed Structure (CH3CH2)4NO

Ketone

C-(C=O)-C. Condensed Structure CH3COCH2CH3. End with (ONE). Not so sweet scent moth ball type smell.

Aldehyde

An organic molecule with a carbonyl group located at the end of the carbon skeleton. C-(C=O)-H. Condensed Structure CH3CHO. End with (al). Has a sweet vanilla type scent.

Alkylhalide

Three hydrogen-carbon single bonds and then a single "x" bond (variable "x" = F, Cl, Br, I). Condensed Structure (CH3)2CHCH2X

Carboxylic Acid

C-(COOH). Condensed Structure CH3CO2H oxic acid

Ester

C-(COO)-C. Condensed Structure CH3CO2CH2CH3 alky-ate.

Amide

C-(CO2N). Condensed Structure CH3CONH(CH3)2

Nitrile

carbon triple bonded to nitrogen (CN). Condensed Structure CH3CN

Acid Halide

Carbonyl bound to halogen -(COX). Condensed Structure CH3COX

Acid Anhydride

-(CO)O(CO). Condensed Structure CH3CO2COCH3

Lewis structure

All atoms, bonds, and lone pairs are drawn.

Condensed Structure

Now bonds between Carbon (C) and Hydrogen (H) are removed, but atom connectivity is reserved. Condensed even further by grouping similar groups in the parentheses and indicating multiplicity.

Lewis Skeletal structure

Every carbon and end of a line represents a carbon atom, Hydrogens on carbon are not drawn (and are understood to be present)

Elimination reaction

The removal of a molecule from a saturated molecule to make an unsaturated molecule

Addition reaction

A reaction in which a reactant is added to an unsaturated molecule to make a saturated molecule

Replacement reaction

A reaction in which one element replaces another in a compound or when two elements in different compounds trade places

What is the correct statement regarding solubility of alcohols?

~Polarity of hydroxyl group makes alcohols to be soluble in water by forming hydrogen bonds.

~Alcohols with one to three carbon atoms are completely soluble in water

(Both B and C are correct)

Which of the following will react with Fe+3 ion in iron(III) chloride (FeCl3) to give purple color?

phenol benzene with -OH

Oxidation

The loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction.

Reduction

gain of electrons

How to dress during a lab

-Long hair tied back

-dangling jewelry and loose/baggy clothing secured

-shoes completely cover your feet

-must wear lab apron/coat

-NO sandals, shorts, or tank tops

Students MUST use laboratory glasses when...

chemicals, heat, or glassware are used

Approved Goggles

ANSI-Z87

No student may work in the laboratory

without an instructor present

Never return

Unused chemicals to their original containers

Do not place

any hot glassware on the laboratory desk always use a wire gauze pad

Broken glassware will be disposed of by

instructor in the designated glass receptacles only

If chemical splashed on your skin

wash with water only or safety shower for at least 20 min

Dispose ALL chemical waste properly

nothing goes down the sink only water or if instructor says else.

ALL broken glass

goes in the broken glass bin

Bromine Test (no UV)

Orange-->colorless (positive test). Anything with a double or triple bond will react positively with a bromide test.

Baeyer's Test (Potassium Permanganate)

Purple-->brown (positive test)

Chromic Acid (H2CrO4) ONLY alcohol test

Orange-->greenish blue (positive test)

Phenol Test (pH Paper)

Blue pH paper-->red (positive test)

Phenol Test (Ferric Chloride)

Pale yellow--purple (positive test)

Methyl Ketone (iodoform test) I2, NaOH

colorless-->cloudy pale yellow (positive test)

Aldehyde: Tollen's Test (AgNH3, NaOH)

silver mirror

Carboxylic acids are acidic

blue litmus-->red

Fisher's Esterification

Ester+ ROH (alcohol)+carboxylic acid (RCO2H) ->ester

Saponification (base hydrolysis)

ester-->ROH (alcohol)+carboxylic acid

Acidic Hydrolysis

ester-->ROH(alcohol)+carboxylic acid

Propanol would give a positive chromic acid test?

True

Phenol will positive test for which of following reagents?

pH acidic & Ferric chloride

Acetone give a negative test with iodoform?

False

What ESTER is formed with salicylic acid reacts with propanol?

Propyl Salicylate

Phenol reacts with Ferric Chloride to afford a _____ color?

purple

What is the final color change when Pent-3-ene reacts with bromine?

colorless

NaOH

Base (O^-)

HCl

Acid (OH)