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1st Amendment
Guarantees freedom of speech, religion, press, assembly, and petition.
2nd Amendment
Protects the right to bear arms.
4th Amendment
Protects against unlawful searches and seizures.
5th Amendment
Guarantees due process.
6th Amendment
Ensures the right to a speedy/public trial with an impartial jury.
8th Amendment
Prohibits cruel and unusual punishments.
14th Amendment
Guarantees equal citizenship rights.
15th Amendment
Enforces universal male suffrage.
19th Amendment
Grants women the right to vote.
26th Amendment
Establishes the voting age limit at 18 years.
Article 1
Establishes the legislative branch.
Article 2
Establishes the executive branch.
Article 3
Establishes the judicial branch.
Federalist 47
Argues for the separation of powers.
Federalist 51
Discusses checks and balances.
Federalist 70
Advocates for energy in the executive branch.
Federalist 78
Argues for judicial review and independence.
Trump v United States
Rules that the president is immune from criminal prosecution for official actions.
United States v Nixon
Confirms executive privilege is not absolute; Nixon had to surrender tapes.
Dickerson v United States
Upheld the requirement to read Miranda rights upon arrest.
Katz v United States
Established the reasonable expectation of privacy in phone conversations.
United States v Jones
Upholds constitutional protections against GPS surveillance under the 4th Amendment.
Marbury v Madison
Established the principle of judicial review.
Dred Scott v Sandford
Ruled that African Americans could not be citizens and affirmed slavery rights.
Brown v. Board of Education
Declared that separate but equal is inherently unequal, ending school segregation.
Obergefell v Hodges
Legalized gay marriage nationwide.
Roe v Wade
Protected abortion rights at a national level.
McCleskey v Kemp
Addressed racial discrimination in the death penalty; upheld existing laws.
Magna Carta
Foundation for legal rights; established due process and limited royal power.
English Bill of Rights
Outlined rights including habeas corpus and the right to petition.
Intolerable Acts
A series of punitive measures against American colonies.
Writs of Assistance
Permitted searches without specific warrants in colonial America.
Doctrine of Incorporation
Applies the Bill of Rights to the states via the 14th Amendment.
Civil Rights Act
Legislation aimed at ending discrimination based on several protected characteristics.
Voting Rights Act
Eliminated racial discrimination in voting practices.
Lincoln Dred Scott Speech
Emphasized the standard of equality for society.
Hughes-Ryan Amendments of 1974
Required the president to report CIA covert actions to Congress.
Ethics in Government Act of 1978
Mandates disclosure of financial information for public officials.
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