Muscle OIA

Levator scapulae

O: C1-C4

I: Upper Vertebral border of scapula

A: Elevates scapula, abduct and rotate neck

Scalenes

O: transverse process of cervical vertebrate

I: ribs 1 and 2

A: Flex and rotate neck, elevate rib 1 and 2

Sternocleidomastoid

O: sternum and clavicle

I: Mastoid process of bone

A: abduct, rotate, flex head

sternohyoid

O: manubrium of sternum

I: hyoid bone

A: depress hyoid bone

sternothyroid

O: manubrium of sternum

I: thyroid cartilage of the larynx

A: depress thyroid cartilage

omohyoid

O: superior border of scapula

I: hyoid bone

A: depress hyoid bone

platysma

O: fascia covering pec major and deltoid

I: mandible and skin of inferior region of face

A: depress inferior lip, open jaw

digastric

O: inferior, distal margin of mandible, mastoid notch of temporal

I: hyoid bone

A: elevate hyoid bone and mandible

mylohyoid

O: inferior margin of mandible

I: hyoid bone:

A: elevate hyoid bone and tongue

frontal belly of occipitofrontalis

O: galea aponeurotica

I: subcutaneous tissue of eyebrows

A: raise eyebrow, draw scalp anteriorly

occipital belly of occipitofrontalis

O: occipital and temporal bone

I: galea aponeurotica

A: retracts scalp

temporalis

O: temporal fossa

I: coronoid process and ramus of mandible

A: elevate (close) mandible

masseter

O: zygomatic arch

I: angle and ramus of mandible

A: elevate (close) mandible

Pterygoids (medial and lateral)

O: pterygoid processes of sphenoid bone

I: medial ramus of mandible

A: medial excursion of the mandible (for chewing)

orbicularis oculi

O: frontal and maxilla on the medial margin of the orbit

I: skin of eyelid

A: closes eyelid

orbicularis oris

O: modiolus of mouth

I: skin near lips

A: closes lips

corrugator supercilii

O: medial portion of frontal bone

I: skin of eyebrows

A: adducts eyebrows (pulls them medially)

risorius

O: fascia of masseter, zygomatic bone

I: modiolus at angle of mouth

A: abducts corner of mouth (draw edge of mouth lateral)

mentalis

O: anterior mandible

I: skin of chin below lower lip

A: protrudes lower lip

buccinator

O: maxilla and mandible near molar teeth

I: orbicularis oris

A: compresses cheek

Zygomaticus major and minor

O: zygomatic bone

I: corner of mouth and muscles of upper lip

A: elevate corner of mouth (smiling and laughing)

Depressor labii inferioris

O: mandible

I: muscle and skin of inferior lip

A: depresses inferior lip

Levator labii superioris

O: maxilla and zygomatic bones

I: muscle of superior lip

A: elevate superior lip; flare nostril

External Oblique

O: ribs 5-12

I: iliac crest, pubis

A: compress abdominal wall, laterally rotate waist

Internal Oblique

O: inguinal ligament, iliac crest

I: pubis, ribs 10-12

A: compresses abdominal wall, laterally rotates waist

Transverse Abdominal

O: inguinal ligament, iliac crest, costal cartilages 7-12

I: linea alba, pubis

A: compresses abdominal wall, laterally rotates waist

rectus abdominis

O: crest of pubis, pubic symphysis

I: costal cartilages 5-7, xiphoid process

A: flexes spine, compresses abdominal wall

serratus anterior

O: ribs 1-8

I: vertebral border and inferior angle of scapula

A: abduct scapula (move away from spinal column)

external intercostals

O: inferior border of ribs 1-11

I: superior border of rib below

A: elevate ribs (increases volume in thorax)

internal intercostals

O: superior border of a rib

I: inferior border of next superior rib (2-12)

A: elevate and depresses ribs

diaphragm

O: xiphoid process, ribs 7-12, superior lumbar vertebrae

I: central tendon

A: inspiration

erector spinae (spinais, longissimus, iliocostalis)

O: nuchal ligament, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, sacrum, ilium, ribs 3-12

I: all ribs, all thoracic vertebrae, temporal bones

A: extend and rotate spine and head

multifidus

O: vertebrae C4-L5, sacrum, ilium

I: spine

A: extend and rotate spine

quadratus lumborum

O: iliac crest

I: L1-L4, rib 12

A: extend and abduct spine

rhomboid major

O: spines of T2-5

I: medial border of scapula

A: adduct scapula

rhomboid minor

O: nuchal ligament, spines C7-T1

I: medial border of scapula

A: adduct scapula

spleinus capitis

O: nuchal ligament, C7-T6

I: C2-4, occipital and temporal bone

A: extend and rotate head

semispinalis capitis

O: C4-T10

I: occipital bone, spinous process of C2-C5

A: extends and rotates head and spine

trapezius

O: posterior occipital bone, nuchal ligament, C7-T4

I: clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula

A: extend and abduct head, rotate and adduct scapula, fixes scapula

deltoid

O: clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula

I: deltoid tuberosity of humerus

A: adbuct arm, flexes, extends, medially + laterally rotates humerus

pectoralis major

O: clavicle, sternum, cartilige of ribs 1-7

I: crest of the greater tubercle of humerus

A: flexes, adducts, and medially rotates humerus

pectorals minor

O: ribs 3-5

I: coracoid process of scapula

A: depresses glenoid cavity

latissimus dorsi

O: T7-T12, L1-L5, crest of ilium, ribs 10-12

I: intertubercular sulcus of humerus

A: extend, adduct, medially rotate humerus, draw shoulder inferiorly

supraspinatus

O: Supra-spinous fossa

I: create tubercle of humerus

A: abduct arm, help stabilize shoulder joint

Infraspinatus

O: infraspinous fossa of scapula

I: greater tubercle of humerus

A: laterally rotate arm, stabilize shoulder joint

subscapularis

O: subscapular fossa

I: lesser tubercle of humerus

A: medially rotates arm, stabilize shoulder joint

teres minor

O: lateral border of scapula

I: greater tubercle of humerus

A: laterally rotates and adducts the humerus, stabilizes shoulder joint

teres major

O: inferior angle of scapula

I: crest of lesser tubercle of humerus

A: extend and medially rotates humerus

biceps brachii

O: long head - superior margin of glenoid cavity, short head - coracoid process of scapula

I: radial tuberosity

A: flexes arm, flexes and supinates forearm

triceps brachii

O: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula, lateral and posterior surface of humerus

I: olecranon, tuberosity of ulna

A: extend and adduct arm, extend forearm

Coracobrachialis

O: coracoid process of scapula

I: midmedial shaft of humerus

A: flexes and medially rotates humerus

brachialis

O: anterior, distal surface of humerus

I: coronoid process of ulna

A: flexes forearm

bracioradialis

O: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

I: near styloid process of lateral radius

A: flexes forearm

supinator

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus, anterior ulna

I: proximal radius

A: supinate forearm

pronator quadratus

O: distal part of anterior ulna

I: distal radius

A: pronates forearm and hand

pronator teres

O: medial epidcondyle of humerus, coronoid process of ulna

I: lateral, middle shaft of radius

A: pronates and flexes forearm

palmaris longus

O: medial epicondyle of humerus

I: palmar aponeurosis

A: anchors skin and fascia of palmar region

flexor carpi radialis

O: medial epicondyle of humerus

I: second and third metacarpals

A: flexes and abducts wrist

flexor carpi ulnaris

O: medial epicondyle of humerus, olecranon, and posterior surface of ulna

I: pisiform, hamate and fifth metacarpal

A: flexes and adducts wrist

flexor digitorum superficialis

O: medial epicondyle of humerus, proximal ulna, proximal radius

I: middle phalanges of second through fifth digits

A: flexes proximal and middle phalanges, flexes wrist

flexor digitorum profundus

O: anterior, proximal surface of ulna, interosseous membrane

I: distal phalanges of second through fifth digits

A: flexes phalanges, flexes wrist

flexor pollicis longus

O: anterior portion of radius and interosseus membrane

I: distal phalanx of thumb

A: flexes thumb

flexor pollicis brevis

O: trapezium, trapezoid, capitate

I: proximal phalanx of first digit

A: flexes thumb

abductor pollicis brevis

O: scaphoid, trapezium, flexor retinaculum

I: proximal phalanx of first digit

A: abducts thumb

opponens pollicis

O: trapezium, flexor retinaculum

I: first metacarpal

A: opposes thumb

flexor digiti minimi brevis

O: hamulus of hamate

I: proximal phalanx of fifth digit

A: flexes fifth digit

opponens digiti minimi

O: hamulus of hamate

I: fifth metacarpal

A: opposes fifth digit

abductor digiti minimi

O: pisiform

I: proximal phalanx of fifth digit

A: abducts fifth digit

extensor carpi radialis longus

O: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

I: second metacarpal

A: extend and abduct wrist

extensor carpi radialis brevis

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus

I: third metacarpal

A: extend and abduct wrist

extensor carpi ulnaris

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus, proximal ulna

I: fifth metacarpal

A: extend and adduct wrist

extensor digitorum

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus

I: middle and distal phalanges of second through fifth digits

A: extends phalanges, extends hand

abductor pollicis longus

O: posterior radius and ulna, interosseous membrane

I: trapezium and first metacarpal

A: abduct thumb

extensor pollicis longus and brevis

O: posterior radius and ulna, interosseous membrane

I: proximal and distal phalanges of thumb

A: extend thumb

iliopsoas ( psoas major and ilacus)

O: T12, L1-5, sacrum, iliac crest, iliac fossa

I: lesser trochanter of femur

A: flexes thigh and lumbar vertebrae

sartorius

O: anterior superior iliac spine

I: proximal, medial tibia

A: flexes and laterally rotates thigh, flexes knee

gracilis

O: pubis, ischium

I: proximal, medial tibia

A: flexes and medially rotates leg

pectineus

O: pubis

I: femur inferior to lesser trochanter

A: adducts and flexes thigh

adductor brevis

O: pubis

I: linea aspera of femur

A: adduct thigh

adductor longus

O: pubis

I: linea aspera of femur

A: adduct, flexes, and medially rotates thigh

adductor magnus

O: pubis, ischium

I: gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, adductor tubercle of distal femur

A: adduct, flexes, extends, and medially rotates thigh

rectus femoris

O: anterior inferior iliac spine, margin of acetabulum

I: patella, tibial tuberosity, lateral and medial condyles of tibia

A: flexes thigh, extends knee

vastus lateralis

O: greater trochanter of femur, linea aspera of femur

I: patella, tibial tuberosity, lateral and medial condyles of tibia

A: extends leg

vastus intermedius

O: proximal, anterior femur

I: patella, tibial tuberosity, lateral and medial condyles of tibia

A: extends leg

vastus medialis

O: linea aspera, medial side

I: patella, tibial tuberosity, lateral and medial condyles of tibia

A: extends leg

tensor fasciae latae

O: iliac crest, anterior iliac surface

I: iliotibial tract of fasciae late to lateral condyle of tibia

A: flexes and medially rotates thigh, extend and laterally rotates knee

gluteus maximus

O: outer iliac surface, iliac crest, sacrum, coccyx

I: gluteal tuberosity of femur, iliotibial tract of fasciae latae

A: extend and abduct thigh

gluteus medius

O: lateral surface of ilium

I: greater trochanter of femur

A: abducts and medially rotates thigh

gluteus minimus

O: ilium

I: greater trochanter of femur

A: abducts and medially rotates thigh

biceps femoris

O: ischial tuberosity, linea aspera

I: head of fibula

A: extend thigh, flex knee

semitendinosus

O: ischial tuberosity

I: proximal, medial tibia

A: extend thigh, flex knee

semimembranosus

O: ischial tuberosity

I: medial condyle of tibia

A: extend thigh, flex knee

gastrocnemius

O: condyles of femur

I: calcaneus

A: flex leg, plantar flexes foot

soleus

O: posterior, proximal tibia and fibula

I: calcaneus

A: plantar flexes foot

plantaris

O: distal femur

I: calcaneus

A: flexes leg, plantar flexes foot

popliteus

O: lateral condyle of femur

I: proximal tibia

A: flexes leg

tibialis posterior

O: proximal portion of tibia and fibula

I: second through fourth metatarsal and some tarsals

A: plantar flexes and inverts foot

flexor digitorum longus

O: posterior tibia

I: distal phalanges of second through fifth digits

A: flexes toes, plantar flexes and inverts foot

flexor hallicus longus

O: inferior fibula

I: distal phalanx of great toe

A: flexes great toe, inverts foot

tibialis anterior

O: lateral condyle and proximal tibia

I: first metatarsal and medial cuneiform

A: dorsiflexes and inverts foot