Phys/His Test 1

Histology

the study of tissues

Cytology

the study of cells

Microscopy

use of microscope

Histochemistry/Cytochemistry & example

the use of special chemicals to identify specific structures ex: Diff Quick stain

Immunohistochemistry/Immunocytochemistry

the use of antibodies to immunolabel specific structures

Clinical pathology versus Anatomic Pathology

clinical: study bodily fluids & cells

anatomic: study organs and tissues

H & E staining

Hematoxylin: stains nucleic acid (DNA/RNA) dark blue to purple (basophilic)

Eosin: stains proteins and cytoplasms with positive charge pink (eosinophilic)

Systems and organs

Integumentary

Musculoskeletal

Respiratory

Cardiovascular

Hemolymphatic

Alimentary (GI)

Urinary

Reproductive

Endocrine

Nervous

Special senses ( eye, ear)

Organ

made of two or more tissues

Tissues have

cells

extracellular matrix: variable amounts of fibers/ground substance

common function

How are repair potential and vascularity related

more blood supply (vascular) = better repair

basic tissue types

epithelium

connective tissue

muscle

nervous

Types of Epithelium tissue

lining: selective barrier, protects from outside, prevents fluid, electrolyte, & protein loss

glandular: produces secretory product, can be on outside (sweat), can be on inside (pancreatic juice)

Types of muscle tissue

skeletal, smooth, cardiac

Nervous tissue systems

Central Nervous system: brain & spinal cord

Peripheral nervous system: nerves

Properties of epithelial

protect, absorb, secrete

no ECM

cells similar to each other

avascular

cells close together

great repair potential because vascular connective tissue underneath it

Basement membrane functions

all epithelial cells sit on

seperates non connective tissue from connective tissue

rich in glycoproteins

1. bind epithelia to connective tissues

2. act as a selectively permeable membrane

Epithelial cell junctional complex

1. Tight junctions (zonula occludens) allow some exchange

2. Adhering junctions (zonula adherens) glue together

3. Spot junctions

   1. desmosomes: cell-cell

   2. Hemidesmosomes: cell-basement membrane

Lining epithelium layer names

simple: one layer of cells

stratified: several layers

pseudostratified: looks stratified but each cell anchored to basement membrane

Lining epithelium shape names

squamous: flat

cuboidal: box shaped

columnar

Lining epithelial special feature names

ciliated: cilia on surface

keratinized: layers of dead cells on surface

goblet: secretory cells