AP Psych Topic 6

What is dispositional attribution?

The tendency to attribute someone's behavior to their character or personality.

What is situational attribution?

The tendency to attribute someone's behavior to external factors or circumstances.

What is the optimistic explanatory style?

A way of explaining events that focuses on positive outcomes and sees setbacks as temporary.

What is the pessimistic explanatory style?

A way of explaining events that focuses on negative outcomes and sees setbacks as permanent.

What is the fundamental attribution error?

The tendency to overemphasize personal characteristics and ignore situational factors when judging others' behavior.

What is self-serving bias?

The tendency to attribute positive outcomes to oneself and negative outcomes to external factors.

What is the mere exposure effect?

The phenomenon where people tend to develop a preference for things merely because they are familiar with them.

What is cognitive dissonance?

The mental discomfort experienced when holding two or more contradictory beliefs, values, or attitudes.

What is the halo effect?

The tendency for an impression created in one area to influence opinion in another area.

What is the bystander effect?

The phenomenon where individuals are less likely to offer help to a victim when other people are present.

What is groupthink?

A psychological phenomenon where the desire for harmony in a group results in irrational decision-making.

What is social loafing?

The tendency for individuals to put in less effort when working in a group than when working alone.