History Topic 11 Test - Mr. St. Louis

15th Amendment

Government cannot stop a citizen from voting based on race or color.

16th Amendment

Gave Congress the power to collect income tax.

17th Amendment

Allowed for the people to elect senators directly.

19th Amendment

Gave women the right to vote.

Pure Food and Drug Act

Federal inspection of food and meds; banned interstate shipment of impure goods.

Meat Inspection Act

Required federal inspection of meat-processing plants and meat sold across state lines.

Hepburn Act

Gave ICC authority to set maximum shipping rates for railroads, ferries, bridges, and oil pipelines.

Elkins Act

Gave government control over telephone and telegraph rates.

Platt Amendment

Condition for Cuban independence including the U.S. right to intervene to preserve order.

Jones Act

Passed by Congress, promising independence for the Philippines.

Federal Reserve Act

Placed commercial banks under control of the Federal Reserve Board.

Lincoln Steffens

Muckraker leader who exposed how corrupt politicians won elections by bribing and threatening voters.

Jacob Riis

Wrote about poor living conditions in urban apartment buildings.

Upton Sinclair

Wrote 'The Jungle' about immigrant struggles and unsanitary conditions in Chicago meatpacking plants.

Ida Tarbell

Teacher, journalist, and social reformer who helped form the National Association of Colored Women.

Jane Addams

Advocated for women's suffrage, wrote books, and shared a Nobel Peace Prize.

Booker T. Washington

Founded Tuskegee Institute; believed African Americans needed to achieve economic independence first.

W.E.B. DuBois

Founded Niagara movement; believed African Americans must actively demand social and civil rights.

Theodore Roosevelt

Progressive leader who created the national park system and helped end the Russo-Japanese War.

Gifford Pinchot

Head of U.S. Forest Service who was fired and helped form the Progressive Party.

William Howard Taft

Governor of the Philippines who later became U.S. president.

Woodrow Wilson

Democratic nominee who won the 1912 election; creator of moral diplomacy.

Alfred T. Mahan

Advocated for a powerful U.S. navy to ensure national success during wartime.

Muckraker

Journalists who wrote about social reforms and corruption.

Social Gospel

19th-century movement to improve society by applying Christian principles.

Election Reforms

Allowed citizens to vote to select nominees instead of party leaders.

Settlement House Movement

Community centers that provided social services to the urban poor.

Temperance Movement

Movement to end alcohol consumption, led largely by women.

Americanization

Settlement house goal to change how immigrants lived to fit American culture.

Urban League

Network of churches helping African Americans find employment and relief.

Square Deal

Roosevelt's program to keep the wealthy from taking advantage of small businesses and the poor.

Progressive Party

Political movement responding to industrialization and urbanization by promoting reforms.

Election of 1912

Won by Woodrow Wilson against Taft and Roosevelt.

Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC)

Created by Roosevelt to monitor businesses engaged in interstate commerce.

Wilson's Triple Attack Plan

Targeted the tariff, the bank, and the trusts to free up business.

Imperialism

Political, military, and economic domination of strong nations over weaker territories.

Social Darwinism

The belief that certain nations and races are superior to others.

Yellow Press

Newspapers using sensational headlines and exaggerated stories to boost readership.

The Maine

U.S. ship that exploded in Havana harbor, leading the yellow press to blame Spain.

Spanish-American War

Conflict where soldiers faced diseases like malaria and yellow fever; ended Spanish colonial rule.

Treaty of Paris (1898)

Agreement signed by the U.S. and Spain that ended the Spanish-American War.

Spheres of Influence

Regions dominated and controlled by an outside power.

Open Door Policy & Boxer Rebellion

Open Door brought foreign markets to U.S. businesses in China; Boxer Rebellion was an uprising against foreigners.

Roosevelt's Gentleman's Agreement

Agreement with Japan to end segregation of Asian students in San Francisco in exchange for limits on emigration.

Big Stick Diplomacy & Roosevelt Corollary

Using a strong military to achieve goals and keeping the Western Hemisphere free from European intervention.

Panama Canal

Man-made waterway linking the Atlantic and Pacific oceans across the Isthmus of Panama.

Dollar & Moral Diplomacy

increased U.S. business investments abroad; promoted human rights instead of force.

Roosevelt and Taft style of “Trustbusting”

The policy that big businesses were harmful only if they bullied smaller companies or cheated consumers.

Acquisition of Hawaii and Alaska

Hawaii was annexed after planters overthrew the queen; Alaska was purchased, doubling U.S. territory and resources.