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Muhammad ibn ‘Abdullah
Muhammad’s first wife
Khadija
Muhammad;s 3rd and youngest wife (born 614); daughter of Abu Bakr (future first Caliph)
Aisha
Muhammad’s 4th wife; daughter of Umar (future second Caliph)
Hafsa
husband of Muhammad’s and Khadijah’s daughter Ruqayyah; 3rd Caliph
Uthman
Muhammad’s paternal cousin and son in law (married to Khadija’s daughter Fatima); 4th Caliph
‘Ali ibn Abi Talib
Muhammad’s daughter from Khadijah and the wife of ‘Ali ibn Abi Talib (4th Caliph)
Fatima
son of ‘Ali ibn Abi Talib and Fatima
Husain ibn ‘Ali
son of ‘Ali ibn Abi Talib and Fatima
Hasan ibn ‘Ali
Muhammad’s birth year
570 (year of elephant)
Muhammad’s move from Mecca to Medina; beginning of Muslim Era
622 (Hijjra)
Muhammad’s Death
632
Abu Bakr Caliph rule years
632-634 A.D.
Umar ibn al-Khattab (Umar 1) Caliph rule years
634-644 A.D.
Uthman ibn Affan Caliph rule years
644-656 A.D.
Ali ibn Abi Talib Caliph rule years
656-661 A.D.
Year of Ridda wars (Wars of Apostasy ) when Muslims had to partially restore and partially establish their control over Arabia after the death the prophet
632/3
Arabs defeat the Byzantines at Yarmulke which allowed them to occupy Syria and Palestine
635
Byzantines relinquished Egypt to the Muslims under a peace treaty
641
Death of Yezdigerd, the last Shahan Shah of Sasanian Iran (completion of the conquest of Iran)
651
Mecca
Medina
Jerusalem (al-Quds)
Damascus
Mosque
place for muslim worship
Minaret
tall slender tower of mosque having one or more balconies from which the muezzin calls the faithful prayer
Muezzin
man who calls muslims to prayer from minaret of mosque
Adhan
call to prayer done from mosque typically done 5 times a day
qibla
direction of Kaaba shrine in Mecca toward which all Muslims turn in ritual prayer
