B2 - Genes, Natural Selection, Evolution

genotype

genotype

Describes/description of the whole set of genes in one individual

phenotype

What you can see. Physical description.

Identify the roles of genotype and environment in determining phenotype

Depends on the interplay between genotype and the environment. Genotype + Environment. (P=G+E)

P=G+E

Phenotype = Genotype + Environment

heritability

the percent of the phenotype caused by genotype. not the environment. Tells us how much will be passed on from parent to progeny.

genes

Control the range of what the plant cant respond. (through development, growth, differentiation)

environment

Helps direct the plant to choose the gene expression that is likely to be beneficial in that situation.

Describe the roles of genes and the roles of proteins in organisms.

1. Genes store information and the direction for un-coding the information.

2. They code for proteins(amino acids stay together).

3. Directs protein production through transcription and translation.

4. Genes are turned on/off by signals(environment or internal)

proteins

large, complex structures made of 100s to 1000s of amino acids(AA). Sequence determines 3D structure/function.

Describe and understand the role proteins play in plants

1. Transcribe and translate information

2. Antibodies

3. Enzymes

4. Messengers

5. Structure Components

6. Transport/Storage

natural selection

Process by which individuals in subsequent generations become better adopted to local and current conditions.

fitness

degree to which individual can survive/reproduce.

Identify three conditions necessary for natural selection

Diverse and heritable phenotypes, Selection pressure, Differential fitness of phenotypes

Diverse and heritable phenotypes

Phenotypes can be modified by mutation, migration, and random genetic drift.

selection pressure

The abiotic/biotic factors that cause differential mortality among the diverse but heritable phenotypes. EX - light, temperature, pathogens, parasites

Differential Fitness of Phenotypes Steps

Mutation creates variation, Unfavorable mutation selected against, Reproduction and mutation occur, Favorable more likely to survive.

evolution

Results in change in genotype frequency within a population or species over time. The population/species are better adapted.

Describe two mechanisms by which a species can diverge into becoming two species.

Reproductive Incompatibility, Different Geographic Locations.

Gene

Unit from chromosome that codes for protein

chromosome

String of DNA nucleotides that produces protein.

allele

The alternate versions that can exist for any one gene.

gene-pool

All of the alleles in a population.

population

Group of interbreeding individuals of the same species.