Patient Centered Care and Caring Interventions Lecture

What is Patient-Centered Care (PCC)?

Recognizing the patient or designee as the source of control and a full partner in compassionate, coordinated care based on the patient’s preferences, values, and needs.

How does the IOM (Institute of Medicine) define Patient-Centered Care?

Care that respects and responds to the patient’s individual preferences, needs, and values, with those values guiding clinical decisions.

What is the main idea of Patient-Centered Care?

The patient is an active partner and source of control in their care.

What does shared decision-making mean in PCC?

Patients, families, and healthcare providers work together to develop and manage an individualized care plan.

What areas of the patient does PCC address?

Physical comfort and emotional well-being.

What patient factors should nurses respect when providing PCC?

Preferences, values, cultural traditions, and socioeconomic conditions.

Why should information be shared fully and promptly with patients and families?

So they can make informed decisions about care.

What is 'dignified healing'?

Personalized care that honors the patient’s spiritual and cultural preferences.

How could a nurse use PCC with a diabetic patient who is fasting for religious reasons?

Respect the patient’s wishes while working with them to find safe alternatives that honor their beliefs and medical plan.

What is the nurse's education role in PCC?

Teach the patient and family about disease, diagnostics, treatment, and medications and help ensure informed consent.

Why should a nurse learn the patient's story?

To individualize care based on what is personally meaningful and important to that patient.

What is the role of teamwork in PCC?

Direct and indirect care providers work together while keeping the patient first.

What factors enhance Patient-Centered Care?

Information sharing, participation/collaboration, trust, dignity and respect, spirituality, availability, hope, genuineness/authenticity, and acceptance.

What is an Always Event?

Something so important to patients and families that healthcare providers should perform it consistently and reliably for every patient, every time.

What four criteria must an Always Event meet?

Important, evidence-based, measurable, and affordable and/or sustainable.

What does 'important' mean for an Always Event?

Patients and families identify it as important to improving their care experience.

What does 'evidence-based' mean for an Always Event?

Research or quality-improvement evidence supports the practice.

Why must an Always Event be measurable?

So the healthcare team can determine whether it happens reliably.

What does affordable/sustainable mean for an Always Event?

It can realistically be implemented and continued without major costs or new technology.

If an intervention is important and evidence-based but cannot be measured, is it an Always Event?

No. It has to meet all four criteria.

What are examples of best practices in PCC?

Hourly rounds, communication boards, bedside shift report, discharge folders, post-discharge calls, multidisciplinary rounds, and standards of performance.

What are benefits of Patient-Centered Care?

Better patient/family satisfaction, improved outcomes and safety, better provider reputation, improved team morale, and better use of resources.

What are common barriers to PCC?

Staffing shortages, high turnover/inexperienced staff, heavy workloads, high-acuity patients, time constraints, lack of privacy or equipment, burnout, poor workplace culture, lack of PCC training, and lack of management support.

What are Caring Interventions?

Evidence-based actions that meet physical and emotional needs.

What parts of the patient should caring nursing address?

Body, mind, and spirit.

What essential caring skill is emphasized in the PowerPoint?

Empathy.

Why is caring considered central to nursing?

Caring is described as the essence of nursing and a moral guide for nursing practice.

Who developed the 5 Cs of Caring?

Sister Simone Roach.

What are the 5 Cs of Caring?

Compassion, Competence, Confidence, Comportment, and Creativity.

What is Compassion?

Being with another person in suffering through empathy and sensitivity.

What is Competence?

Evidence-based, humanistic nursing knowledge and skill.

What is Confidence?

Commitment to professional nursing, helping others, self-improvement, continuing education, and lifelong learning.

What is Comportment?

The professional behavior, attitude, dress, and language seen by patients and families, including taking responsibility for your actions.

What is Creativity?

Using reflection, critical thinking, openness, and resourcefulness to individualize and improve care.

What does Patricia Benner emphasize in caring?

Individualizing nursing care, creating a healing environment, increasing patient participation and control, providing comfort, and giving emotional and informational support.

What are the five parts of Swanson’s Caring Process?

Knowing, Being With, Doing For, Enabling, and Maintaining Belief.

What does 'Knowing' mean?

Avoiding assumptions, focusing on the patient, assessing, and seeking cues.

Why is knowing the patient important?

It prevents assumptions and helps the nurse individualize care according to the patient’s actual needs and cues.

What nursing action best demonstrates 'Knowing'?

Asking questions, assessing, seeking cues, and learning what matters to that specific patient instead of assuming.

What does 'Being With' mean?

Being emotionally present and available to the patient.

What does 'Doing For' mean?

Comforting, anticipating needs, performing care confidently, protecting the patient, and preserving dignity.

What does 'Enabling' mean?

Informing, explaining, supporting, validating, and giving feedback.

What does 'Maintaining Belief' mean?

Believing in the patient and maintaining hope and realistic optimism.

A nurse assumes a patient does not want to participate in care without asking. Which Swanson concept is missing?

Knowing, because knowing requires avoiding assumptions.

What does Madeleine Leininger’s caring theory emphasize?

Caring should be individualized and reflect the patient’s own culture.

What does Jean Watson’s Transpersonal Caring Theory emphasize?

Humanistic values, hope/faith, sensitivity, expression of feelings, problem-solving, meeting human needs, and a nurse-patient relationship that affects both people.

What behaviors do nurses identify as caring?

Listening, putting the patient first, using touch for comfort, talking with the patient, and speaking in understandable terms.

What behaviors do patients identify as caring?

Keeping them informed, monitoring and paying attention to them, and responding quickly to problems.

What behaviors do family members identify as caring?

Treating the patient as an individual, showing competence, knowing how to use equipment, and giving medications/treatments on time.

What evidence-based caring behaviors are listed in the PowerPoint?

Attentive listening, comforting, honesty, patience, responsibility, giving information for informed decisions, touch, sensitivity, respect, and calling the patient by name.