Purposive Communication - The Nature and Process of Communication

Vocabulary flashcards covering key definitions, elements, functions, types, levels, and models of communication based on the OLENG01 lecture notes.

The dynamic, continuous process of transmitting information, ideas, thoughts, feelings, and values between two or more people through spoken, non-verbal, or visual means.

Communication

The originator of the message who conceives an idea to communicate and undergoes the process of encoding.

Sender

The mental process performed by the sender to translate an idea or thought into a communicable message.

Encoding

The clear, relevant, and structured content or information being communicated by the sender.

Message

 The medium or carrier used to send the message from the sender to the receiver, such as face-to-face speech or email.

Channel

The person or audience who receives and interprets the message through listening or reading skills.

Receiver

The process performed by the receiver to interpret and make sense of the incoming message.

Decoding

The receiver's response to the sender's message that indicates whether the message was understood.

Feedback

Any internal or external disruption that interferes with or distorts the communication process.

Noise

External environmental distractions, such as loud sounds or construction work outside, that disrupt communication.

Physical Noise

Internal mental or emotional distractions, such as stress or anxiety, that interfere with sending or receiving messages.

Psychological Noise

Disruptions in communication caused by confusing words, unfamiliar jargon, or ambiguous language choices.

Semantic Noise

The environment or situation in which communication takes place, influencing its meaning and tone (e.g., formal, informal, serious, or casual).

Context

A function of communication aimed at establishing order and managing behavior, such as implementing classroom rules.

Regulation/Control

A function of communication used to build trust, bonding, and interpersonal relationships, such as exchanging greetings.

Social Interaction

A function of communication that encourages effort, fosters hope, and prompts action, such as giving a pep talk.

Motivation

A function of communication designed to inform decisions and transfer knowledge, such as delivering a lecture.

Information

A function of communication that allows individuals to convey feelings, release stress, and express emotions through actions like crying or laughing.

Emotional Expression

A type of communication that uses spoken or written words and requires a shared language for precise and complex messaging.

Verbal Communication

A type of communication relying on body language, gestures, facial expressions, posture, tone, space, and silence, accounting for 80–90% of communication.

Non-Verbal Communication

A type of communication using images, symbols, graphs, or charts to convey messages quickly across language barriers.

Visual Communication

Communication with oneself, involving self-talk, internal reflection, and decision-making.

Intrapersonal Communication

One-on-one or small group interaction aimed at building trust, resolving conflicts, and sharing experiences through active listening and empathy.

Interpersonal Communication

A level of communication in which a single speaker addresses a large audience to inform or persuade them, such as a political campaign speech.

Public Communication

The distribution of information to large audiences through media platforms such as television, radio, or social media.

Mass Communication

Exchanges between individuals from different cultural backgrounds, requiring respect, open-mindedness, and adaptability.

Intercultural Communication

A one-way communication model (Sender → Message → Receiver) assuming a passive receiver with no feedback loop, such as a television broadcast.

Linear Model

A two-way communication model featuring a feedback loop with potential delays between messages, such as text messaging or email.

Interactive Model

A simultaneous two-way communication model where participants act as senders and receivers at the same time in an ongoing, dynamic process.

Transactional Model

A communication model focused primarily on persuasion through structured arguments, supporting evidence, and emotional appeals, commonly used in public speeches and pitches.

Aristotle's Communication Model