Anatomy High-Yield Questions - GIT Module

Flashcards covering high-yield GIT anatomy concepts including planes, organ relations, blood supply, and clinical applications.

Transpyloric plane

An anatomical plane at level $L1$ that passes through the pylorus, beginning of duodenum, fundus of gallbladder, epiploic foramen, upper border of the neck/body of pancreas, origin of SMA, and the hilum of kidney.

Epiploic foramen boundaries

Anterior: free border of lesser omentum (portal vein, hepatic artery, bile duct); Posterior: IVC; Superior: caudate process of caudate lobe; Inferior: first inch of duodenum.

Stomach bed

The posterior relations of the stomach including the body of pancreas, splenic artery, left kidney, left suprarenal gland, visceral surface of spleen, left crus of diaphragm, transverse colon, and transverse mesocolon.

Arterial supply of the stomach (Lesser curvature)

Supplied by the left gastric and right gastric arteries.

Arterial supply of the stomach (Greater curvature)

Supplied by the left and right gastro-epiploic arteries.

Arterial supply of the stomach (Fundus)

Supplied by the short gastric arteries.

Duodenum (1st part relations)

Anterior: liver and gallbladder; Posterior: pancreas, GDA, CBD, portal vein, and IVC; Superior: lesser omentum; Inferior: head of pancreas and greater omentum.

Duodenum (3rd part relations)

Positioned anterior to the aorta and IVC, and posterior to the SMA and SMV.

Arterial supply of the Duodenum

First inch: supraduodenal, right gastric, and right gastro-epiploic; Second inch: superior pancreaticoduodenal; Remaining part: inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery.

Jejunum characteristics

Thicker wall, wider lumen, more vascular, fewer arcades, longer vasa recta, less mesenteric fat, and fewer lymphoid nodules.

Ileum characteristics

Thinner wall, narrower lumen, more arcades, shorter vasa recta, more fat, and contains Peyer's patches.

McBurney's point

The surface anatomy location of the appendix base, found at the junction of the lateral $1/3$ with the medial $2/3$ of the line between the umbilicus and right ASIS.

Appendicular artery

The blood supply to the appendix, which usually originates from the posterior caecal or ileocolic artery.

Portosystemic anastomosis (Anal canal)

The connection between the superior rectal vein (portal) and the inferior rectal vein (systemic); clinical application includes internal and external piles.

Celiac trunk

An artery beginning at $T12$ just below the aortic opening of the diaphragm, terminating as the left gastric, splenic, and hepatic arteries.

Superior mesenteric artery (SMA)

Begins from the anterior abdominal aorta at $L1$, about $1\text{ cm}$ below the celiac trunk, and ends at the ileocaecal junction.

Portal vein formation

Formed behind the neck of the pancreas by the union of the splenic vein and the SMV.

Caput medusae

A clinical sign resulting from portosystemic anastomosis at the umbilicus between paraumbilical veins (portal) and epigastric veins (systemic).

Pringle maneuver

Compression of the hepatic artery and portal vein in the free border of the lesser omentum to control liver bleeding.

Blood supply of the liver

Provided by the portal vein (70\text{%}) and the hepatic artery (30\text{%}).

Murphy's point

The surface anatomy of the gallbladder fundus at the tip of the right $9^{th}$ costal cartilage where the right costal margin meets the right linea semilunaris.

Abdominal aorta termination

Ends at the lower border of $L4$, dividing into the right and left common iliac arteries.