Psychology Unit 7 Test

Which of the following is an example of anterograde amnesia?

Louis can remember his past, but has not been able

to form new long-term memories since experiencing

a brain infection 4 years ago.

Muhammad has been in his school cafeteria hundreds of times. It is a large room, and there are nine free-standing pillars that support the roof. One day, to illustrate the nature of forgetting, Muhammad's teacher asks him how many pillars there are in the cafeteria. Muhammad has difficulty answering the question, but finally replies that he thinks there are six pillars. What memory concept does this example illustrate?

encoding failure

What does Hermann Ebbinghaus'forgetting curve show about the nature of storage decay?

The rate of forgetting decreases as time goes on.

Which of the following is an example of proactive interference?

You can't recall your new cell phone number because your old number interferes.

The text discusses therapist-guided "recovered" memories. Which of the following statements represents an appropriate conclusion about this issue?

Since the brain is not sufficiently mature to store accurate memories of events before the age of 3, memories from the first 3 years of life are not reliable.

Caitlin, a fifth grader, is asked to remember her second- grade teacher's name. What measure of retention will Caitlin use to answer this question?

recall

Working memory is most active during which portion of the information-processing model?

short term memory

Your memory of which of the following is an example of implicit memory?

Which way to turn the car key to start the engine

Which of the following is the most accurate description of the capacity of short-term and working memory?

Can handle about a half dozen items total

Which of the following is most likely to lead to semantic encoding of a list of words?

Thinking about how the words relate to your own life

What two parts of the brain are most involved in explicit memory?

frontal lobes and hippocampus

Which of the following statements most accurately reflects the relationship between emotions and memory?

Emotion enhances memory because it is important

for our survival to remember events that make us emotional.

Which of the following is an example of flashbulb memory?

Anna remembers when her father returned from an overseas military deployment because the day was very emotional for her.

Juan returns to his grandparent's house after a 10-year absence. The flood of memories about his childhood visits is best explained by which of the following?

priming

Which of the following is an example of the primacy effect?

Remembering the names of the first two co-workers you met on the first day of your new job

Which of the following is the best term for mental activities associated with remembering, thinking, and knowing?

cognition

Which of the following is the best phrase for the narrowing of available problem solutions with the goal of determining the best solution?

convergent thinking

Producing valuable and novel ideas best defines which of the following?

creativity

What is another term for a methodical, logical rule that guarantees solving a particular problem?

algorithm

Which of the following is the tendency to search for supportive information of preconceptions while ignoring contradictory evidence?

conformation bias

What is another word for the way an issue is presented to you?

framing

When instances come readily to mind, we often presume such events are common. What of the following is the term for this phenomenon?

availability heuristic

What do we call the smallest distinctive sound units in language?

phonemes

Which of the following best identifies the early speech stage in which a child speaks using mostly nouns and verbs?

telegraphic speech

The prefix "pre" in "preview" or the suffix "ed" in "adapted" are examples of

morphemes

Evidence of words'subtle influence on thinking best supports the notion of

linguistic determinism

What does the "magical number seven, plus or minus two" refer to?

the capacity of short term memory

Which of the following describes long-term potentiation (LTP)?

Changes in synapses allow for more efficient transfer of information.

Which of the following abilities is an example of implicit memory?

Riding a bicycle while talking to your friend about something that happened in class

Which of the following statements concerning memory is true?

Memories are often a blend of correct and incorrect information

The basketball players could remember the main points of their coach's halftime talk, but not her exact words. This is because they encoded the information

semantically

When someone provides his phone number to another person, he usually pauses after the area code and again after the next three numbers. This pattern underscores the importance of which memory principle?

chunking

Which of the following is true regarding the role of the amygdala in memory?

The amygdala help make sure we remember events

that trigger strong emotional responses.

Which of the following illustrates the serial position effect?

Alp is unable to remember the middle of a list of vocabulary words as well as he remembers the first or last words on the list

Mnemonic devices are least likely to be dependent upon which of the following?

massed rehearsal

You are more likely to remember psychology information in your psychology classroom than in other environments because of what memory principle?

context effects

Which of the following kinds of information is not likely to be automatically processed?

new information

Which of the following is an example of source amnesia?

Stephen misremembers a dream as something that

really happened.

Which of the following is an accurate conclusion based on Hermann Ebbinghaus'forgetting curve research?

Most forgetting occurs early on and then levels off

"Chair," "freedom," and "ball" are all examples of what?

concepts

People are more concerned about a medical procedure when told it has a 10 percent death rate than they are when told it has a 90 percent survival rate. Which psychological concept explains this difference in concern?

framing

Which of the following illustrates a heuristic?

Using news reports of corporate fraud to estimate how much business fraud occurs in American business

Which of the following most likely represents a prototype for the concept indicated in parentheses?

Golden retriever

The inability to see a problem from a fresh perspective is called what?

fixation

Which phrase best describes the concept of phonemes?

units of sound in language

Which concept best explains why people often underestimate the amount of time it will take to complete a project?

overconfidence

Which of the following is not one of Robert Sternberg's components of creativity?

position of ignorance

Which of the following demonstrates the representativeness heuristic?

Deciding that a new kid in school is a nerd because

he looks like a nerd

Benjamin Lee Whorf's linguistic determinism hypothesis relates to what aspect of the power of language?

how language influences thinking

According to Noam Chomsky, what is the most essential environmental stimulus necessary for language acquisition?

exposure to language in early childhood