1/45
Looks like no tags are added yet.
Name | Mastery | Learn | Test | Matching | Spaced |
---|
No study sessions yet.
“Shadows of Empires” by CNA Insider
This documentary echoes the idea of Emmerson that Southeast Asia is an invented concept
Imperial flag
The absence of ________ mean nothing
Politics of Identity
Divide and Conquer
Colonizers assigned southeast asian their national identities 1. ________
pit one country or culture against another 2. ________
Cultural acculturation
colonizers “civilized” southeast asian by using their “exotic” elements against them; even our concept of the modern state was something that the westerners imported to us.
Glamorization of colonizers
amidst the surging reckoning of colonial history in the US and Europe (toppling of statues, cancel culture); whitewashing and sanitation of colonization (“not only erases the past but also forgives it”)
Five Sub-Regions of Asia
East Asia
South Asia
West Asia
Central Asia
Southeast Asia
East Asia
West Asia (Middle East Before)
Southeast Asia
China, Korea, Japan, Taiwan, Mongolia
Bahrain, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, State of Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syrian Arab Republic, United Arab Emirates, Yemen
Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, Singapore, the Philippines, Laos, Indonesia, Brunei, Burma (Myanmar), Cambodia and Timor-Leste (the only non-ASEAN member)
Central Asia
South Asia
Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Maldives
Asia
60%
________ is the largest continent; it covers 30% of the earth’s land area. There are seven (7) continents:
The most populous continent, where ________ of the entire global population reside
Mountains
The Ural Mountain
Caucasus Mountain
Seas
The Caspian
Black Seas.
Asia is Divided from Europe to the West by
Arctic, Pacific and Indian Oceans.
it is also bordered by the great Oceans
Five (5) major physical regions of Asia
Mountain systems
Plateaus
Plains, Steppes and Deserts
Freshwater environments
Saltwater environments
Mountain systems
Himalayas Mountain
Northernmost belt or Great Himalayas
Tien Shan Mountain
Ural Mountain
so vast that they are composed of three different mountain belts._________ separating the Indian subcontinent from Asia. Covers more than 612,000 square kilometers (236,000 square miles), passing through the northern states of India and making up most of the terrain of Nepal and Bhutan.
_________This belt includes the highest mountain summit in the world, Mount Everest, which stands at 8,850 meters (29,035 feet).
_________ stretches for about 2,400 kilometers (1,500 miles), straddling the border between Kyrgyzstan and China.
The name _________means “Celestial Mountains” in Chinese.
_________run for approximately 2,500 kilometers (1,550 miles) in an indirect north-south line from Russia to Kazakhstan. These are some of the world’s oldest, at 250 million to 300 million years old.
Plateaus
Iranian Plateau
Deccan Plateau
Tibetan Plateau
__________areas of relatively level high ground.
_________encompassing most of Iran, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. The plateau is not uniformly flat, but contains some high mountains and low river basins.
_________ makes up most of the southern part of India. It is bordered by three mountain ranges
The plateau and its main waterways—the Godavari and Krishna rivers—gently slope toward the Eastern Ghats and the Bay of Bengal
_________is usually considered the largest and highest area ever to exist in history.
Known as the “Rooftop of the World,” the plateau covers an area about half the size of the contiguous United States.
The ice and snow from these glaciers feed Asia’s largest rivers.
Approximately 2 billion people depend on the rivers fed by the plateau’s glaciers.
Plains, Steppes and Deserts
West Siberian Plain
Mongolia Plain
Rub’ al Khali desert
Plains, Steppes and Deserts
___________located in central Russia, is considered one of the world’s largest areas of continuous flatland. The plain contains some of the world’s largest swamps and floodplains
___________can be divided into different steppe zones: the mountain forest steppe, the arid steppe, and the desert steppe.
These zones transition from the country’s mountainous region in the north to the Gobi Desert on the southern border with China.
__________onsidered the world’s largest sand sea, covers an area larger than France across Saudi Arabia, Oman, the United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.
known as the Empty Quarter because it is virtually inhospitable to humans except for Bedouin tribes that live on its edges
Freshwater environments
Lake Baikal
Yangtze River
Tigris and Euphrates
_________ located in southern Russia, is the deepest lake in the world, reaching a depth of 1,620 meters (5,315 feet).
contains 20 percent of the world’s unfrozen freshwater, making it the largest reservoir on Earth. It is also the world’s oldest lake, at 25 million years old.
_________is the longest river in Asia and the third longest in the world (behind the Amazon of South America and the Nile of Africa).
Considered the lifeblood of China.
_________begin in the highlands of eastern Turkey and flow through Syria and Iraq, joining in the city of Qurna, Iraq, before emptying into the Persian Gulf.
Land between the two rivers, known as including Sumer and the Mesopotamia, was the center of the earliest civilizations, the Akkadian Empire.
Saltwater environments
Persian Gulf
Bay of Bengal
Sea of Okhotsk
________It borders Iran, Oman, the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait, and Iraq.
The gulf is subject to high rates of evaporation, making it shallow and extremely salty.
Contains an estimated 50 percent of the world’s oil reserves. have engaged in a number of disputes over this rich resource.
_________ is the largest bay in the world, bordering Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, and Burma. Many large rivers, including the Ganges and Brahmaputra, empty into the bay.
_________ between the Russian mainland and the Kamchatka Peninsula.
The sea is largely frozen between October and March.
Large ice floes make winter navigation almost impossible.
1.
The Nile
The Indus and Ganges civilization
The Yangtze civilization
Fertile Crescent
Asia is Home to the world’s earliest civilizations those are ________,__________ and __________.
___________is considered the birthplace of agriculture.
Political geography
is the internal and external relationships between a continent’s various governments, citizens, and territories. Asian governments and citizens have created and responded to political and social change in ways that have profoundly affected these relationships at both the local and international level.
Israel vs Palestine et al
The Levant (religious-political crisis):
Colonization of Southeast Asia:
China, Japan;
Europe
US and Japan
Dutch and British
Spanish and Portuguese;
India
Current Issue
can it be a counter-force to China?
Service industry and telecommunications
Two Indias: the growing divide between the rich and the poor
China
Current Issue
emergence as a superpower
Unprecedented growth due to manufacturing and export of goods
The flip side: how _______emergence is both good and bad for the region
Climate Change
Future Issues
__________
Asia’s increased development has negatively affected the environment
The extreme loss of forest cover in Southeast Asia due to overharvesting of timber threatens the region’s economy and biodiversity, as well as the world’s carbon budget
Rising sea levels, flooding
Mainland Southeast Asia
Burma, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam
Island zones:
Philippines, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Brunei, Timor-Leste)
Southeast Asia
Temperate climate
Was the center of the spice war in the age of discovery
Reliable wind patterns (moonson) made Southeast Asia the ideal meeting place for trade between India and China
Features of mainland Southeast Asia:
long rivers
extensive plains
long coastlines
Features of island Southeast Asia:
Travel by sea rather than by land; shallow, warm oceans make for ideal environment for fish, coral, seaweeds; several active volcanoes and vulnerability to earthquake activity (ring of fire)
Linguistic diversity:
1,000 of the world’s 6,000 languages are in SEA
Adaptive abilities:
SEA peoples adapt remarkably fast and well to their environment
Delineation of borders
___________between and among nations is ambiguous, thus sometimes leading to border disputes, both in land and sea territories (ie SCS/WPS, Thai-Cambodia)
Haphazard Border Demarcation
was also a factor that made possible foreign invasion into SEA countries, ie Japanese and other foreign powers during WWII
Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
__________has tried hard to manage these conflicts, the organization’s lack of muscle and the region’s diversity is still posing challenges to the peaceful resolution of these conflicts
Mekong River
China
Divide and Conquer
The conflicting interests are also problematic, i.e Myanmar, Laos, Cambodia etc. agreements on the 1.__________ with 2. _______ instead of adopting a common stand within SEA;
__________being the strategy employed by China
Thailand (Bangkok)
mountainous borders have shielded it from hostile invasion, its vulnerability to Cambodia is managed by peace agreements between the 2 nations, thus making Thailand, esp Bangkok, a strong, centralized state, never having been completely conquered by any foreign occupier
Lack of border disputes with China, a close relationship with the US has positioned Thailand as a potential counter-weight to China’s dominance in the SEA region
Borderlands are populated by ethnic minorities that have been largely forgotten or neglected by their governments (see art of not being governed)
Vietnam (Hanoi)
is positioning itself as a possible countermeasure to China by aligning with Japan, Russia and even the US.
Having won in different armed conflicts against French,Chinese and US, Vietnamese geopolitical mindset shifted by its confidence and its determination to its independence.
Crossing the small and narrow Annamite Range is hard for them in terms of trades and travels to their two separated heartlands which is Hanoi and Saigon, which are divided in cultural,political, social.
Cambodia (Phnom Pehn)
(poorest ASEAN state) on the other hand allies itself with China out of financial considerations, ie underdevelopment due to its violent past
Even goes against its ASEAN neighbors to side with China in the SCS/WPS dispute
Laos (Vientiane)
the only landlocked ASEAN state
Weak central government, with several state challengers
Supposedly neural but rapidly turning into a Chinese client-state like Cambodia, primarily due to strong economic dependence on China
Myanmar (Naypyidaw)
Some southeast Asian countries ally with China, others with the West while a few chosen to stand on their own
Its long history with military dictatorship and its fragile state today
Before the Feb. 1, 2021 coup by the Tatmadaw (Myanmar’s military), Myanmar’s prominent crisis was that which involved the Ethnic Cleansing of Rohingyas,
25,000
Philippines
Maritime Southeast Asia (Malay Archipelago): the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei and Singapore
_______ how many islands ranging from the large-sized ones (Mindanao, Luzon, Java, Sumatra, etc) to the tiniest islands
Only the ________ is vulnerable to typhoons and hurricanes but most if not all have active volcanoes
Indonesia (Jakarta)
Timor Leste (Dili)
1._________Ironically maritime countries with no strong navy forces
the embodiment of Southeast Asia’s potentials and shortcomings; 4th most populous in the world, single largest muslim-dominated country; its size can be a liability, and its lack of political unity the main geopolitical problem
2.__________ gain its independence in 1999 and
A common problem between Indonesia and the Philippines is the lack of capacity to patrol its long coastlines
Philippines (Manila)
Northern parts are richer and stronger while the southern parts are poor and weaker
Constantly in the middle of a tug-of-war between China and the US in terms of regional balance of power ie WPS/SCS
We are in the middle of a proxy war between China and the United States
Brunei (Bandar Seri Begawan)
Relative seclusion has allowed the state to develop but its main resource may be running out
Might need to redirect its economy within 2 decades and China has already started its influence.
depending on the export of hydrocarbon resources which is expected to run out.
Malaysia (Kuala Lumpur)
Peninsular Malaysia and Malaysian Borneo a unique geographic postion
Proximity to the Malaccas Strait has contributed to its development
China emerging as a regional threat due to its great knowledge of and willingness to exploit Southeast Asia’s weaknesses
Singapore (Singapore)
Alliances with western powers have equipped the state with strong naval and air force power
Its geographic position, between the SCS and the Malacca strait, has transformed its economy but small size a liability
Could possibly align with the US against China