Key Terms Quizzes from U.S. History Chapters 1-31

Corn/maize

This crop was a staple for Aztec society. As it moved northward, it provided a basis for agriculturally based societies.

Encomienda System

This was the system of forced labor in which the Spanish monarch would give land and native slaves to favorites in the Americas.

Adena-Hopewell

These tribes settled in the Mississippi River Valley and were famous for their large societies and for building mounds.

Lakota-Sioux

These tribes settled in the northern plains and were primarily nomadic.

Cortes

This conquistador conquered the Aztecs.

Roanoke

This was the name of the settlement established by Sir Walter Raleigh on the North Carolina coast in the 1500s.

Treaty of Tordesillas

This was the treaty that delineated Spanish and Portuguese interests in the Americas, leading to a Portuguese Brazil.

The Iroquois Confederation

This is a group of northeastern tribes, including the Mohawk and Seneca, that unified to deal with European immigrants.

Henry Hudson

This is the name of the explorer who founded New Amsterdam.

Bartolome de Las Casas

This was the priest who advocated for the humane treatment of natives in conquered Spanish territory.

Rhode Island

Anne Hutchinson is affiliated with which of the original colonies?

Quaker

In terms of religion, William Penn would have identified as a ________?

Rice

South Carolina was different from other southern colonies in that it focused primarily on growing which crop?

Plymouth

Pilgrims settled primarily in which colony?

Puritans

John Winthrop would have identified as a member of which group?

Georgia

The last of the original 13 colonies to be founded was_________.

Bacon's Rebellion

This event highlighted the conflicts between the elites and the poor in the colonies.

Corporate colonies

This type of colony would have been funded primarily by private investors.

Navigation Acts

Which acts included the following features:

a. Most goods must pass through England before going to the American colonies.

b. Trade going to and from the American colonies must be shipped using only English or colonial-built ships.

c. Certain "enumerated" goods, such as tobacco, could be exported to England only.

The Middle Passage

The long journey across the Atlantic from Africa to the Caribbean is referred to as.

Benjamin Franklin

Poor Richard's Almanack was written by this famous American.

George Whitefield

This Great Awakening minister could reportedly speak loud enough that 10,000 listeners could hear him.

Subsistence farming

This type of farming would have been most popular in the New England colonies:

Increased

English immigration rates to the English colonies __________ substantially at the beginning of the 18th century.

Belgians

What is one European group that did NOT immigrate in large numbers in the early 18th century?

Puritans

This group evolved into Congregationalists and Presbyterians.

Harvard

First college in America for ministry training

Northern Colonies

Colonial town meetings generally occurred in ___________.

Southern

Colonial county governments generally helped to govern ______ colonies

The Zenger Case

An important stepping stone toward the freedom of the press

Stamp Act Congress

1765 meeting in New York

Salutary Neglect

British policy of avoiding strict enforcement

Sons and Daughters of Liberty

Colonial terrorists that tarred and feathered tax collectors

Proclamation of 1763

Act to limit conflicts with Native American tribes

George Washington

Person who sparked the French and Indian War

Quartering Act

Act requiring housing for British soldiers

Intolerable Acts

a. Port Act (which temporarily shut down Boston Harbor)

b. Massachusetts Government Act (which weakened the Massachusetts legislature and strengthened the governor's control)

c. Administration of Justice Act (which stipulated that royal officials should be tried for crimes in Great Britain)

Tea

Taxes remained on this product after repeal of most taxes in 1770

John Locke

Philosopher arguing for natural rights; the term "inalienable rights" in the Declaration of Independence come directly from his writing.

Thomas Hobbes

This philosopher argued for direct democracy and the idea of a "social contract" in which the will of the people should be prioritized above all.

John Locke

A key Enlightenment thinker who influenced the development of political philosophy.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

A philosopher known for his ideas on social contract and general will.

Montesquieu

A philosopher who advocated for the separation of powers in government.

The Suffolk Resolves

A document that was not intended to declare independence and make movements toward colonial consolidation.

The Olive Branch Petition

A document received by King George III, which he decided not to read.

The Declaration of Rights and Grievances

A document presented to King George III by the colonists.

Bunker Hill

The first skirmish between colonial militia and British troops in 1775.

Yorktown

The battle that marked the end of major fighting in the American Revolution.

Lexington

The location of the first battle of the American Revolutionary War.

Saratoga

The battle that was the turning point in the American Revolution.

Articles of Confederation

The first constitution for the United States, passed in 1777.

The Declaration of Independence

Primarily a list of grievances against the king.

Thomas Paine's Common Sense

A pamphlet that unified the colonies and boldly attacked monarchy.

The Treaty of Paris

The treaty that ended both the French and Indian War and the American Revolutionary War.

Daniel Shays

This person was primarily concerned with economic issues arising from America's first constitution and led a small rebellion.

Federalist Papers

A series of essays promoting the ratification of the United States Constitution.

Washington's Farewell Address

Warned against political parties and permanent alliances.

Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions

Asserted that states could nullify federal laws if they were unconstitutional.

Constitutional Convention

Took place in 1787 in Philadelphia.

Virginia Plan

Asserted that congress should have state representation in proportion to its population.

Three-Fifths Compromise

This addition to the Constitution is one that modern readers find ethically dubious due to its dehumanizing language regarding enslaved individuals.

National Bank

Hamilton fought for a _________.

Whiskey Rebellion

Unlike Shays' Rebellion, the _________ was put down by the Federal government.

1796

In this year, John Adams was elected as a Federalist. His Vice President was Jefferson.

XYZ Affair

During the Adams' presidency, some of the sources of conflict with France included the _________ Citizen Genet, and Seizure of American ships

War Hawks

James C. Calhoun and Henry Clay would have been considered '__________' in the early 19th century.

William Henry Harrison

_______________ was the American general that defeated Tecumseh at Tippecanoe and The Battle of the Thames River.

Marbury vs. Madison

The ________________ decision established that the Supreme Court could nullify laws it deemed unconstitutional.

Hartford Convention

The ___________ was a misstep by the Federalist Party that eventually led to the party's dissolution.

Embargo Act

Thomas Jefferson's biggest political mistake was the _________ of 1807.

Haitian

Toussaint l'Ouverture was a prominent figure in the _________Revolution.

Washington, D.C.

The Battle of ___________ was NOT a victory for the United States against Britain in The War of 1812. In it, the original White House was burned down.

Louisiana Territory

Despite making it all the way to the Pacific Ocean, the Lewis and Clark Expedition was primarily tasked with mapping and exploring the _________.

Quids

The '___________' splintered away from the Democratic-Republicans.

Industrialization

The War of 1812 resulted in the U.S. accepting Canada as part of the British empire, a stronger sense of nationalism, and the advancement of U.S. ____________.

Federal

John Marshall's tenure as Supreme Court Justice was marked by court cases that ruled in favor of __________ power as opposed to state power.

Monroe Doctrine

The _______________ was primarily a clarification of U.S. interests in the western hemisphere.

Cumberland

The ____________ Road was notable because it was one of the first interstate highways in the U.S.

Protective Tariffs

Taxes imposed to protect domestic industries from foreign competition.

National Bank

A ______________ chartered by the federal government to stabilize the economy.

Internal Improvements

Projects such as roads and canals to enhance infrastructure.

Sectional Autonomy

The ability of different regions to govern themselves and make independent decisions.

Missouri Compromise

1820 Legislation that admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state, prohibiting slavery north of a certain latitude.

The Treaty of Paris

The agreement that ended the American Revolutionary War and set the northern border of the United States.

The Rush-Bagot Agreement

A treaty that limited naval armaments on the Great Lakes.

The Treaty of 1818

An agreement between the U.S. and Britain that established the 49th parallel as the northern border of the Louisiana Territory.

The Adams-Onis Treaty

A treaty in which Spain ceded Florida to the United States.

Jackson

This person's military orders were aggressively and mercilessly carried out in Florida.

The Louisiana Purchase

The acquisition of the Louisiana territory from France in 1803.

The Erie Canal

A canal in New York that connects the Hudson River to Lake Erie.

Eli Whitney

Famous for the factory system and interchangeable parts.

A nativist

Someone who opposes immigration.

The Supreme Order of the Star-Spangled Banner

A group that led to the creation of the Know-Nothings political party.

Irish

Which group had the highest number of immigrants to America during the first half of the 19th century?.

Urban

From 1820-1860, there Increased migration westward and into _________ centers.

8 hours

Workday reduction by unions succeeded in lowering the workday to ______________.

Tammany Hall

Affiliated with Democrats and located in New York.

Thousands

By 1860, the West was home to __________ of Americans.

Nat Turner

Famous for his 1831 slave revolt.

Sectionalism

Starkly divided interests and cultures in various sections of a country.