Lecture 23

Child maltreatment

• report

• identified

• past

Some challenges of studying child abuse:

• People may not be willing to ______ this

• Identified cases → unable to catch everyone that hasn’t been _____

• Retrospective report → asking adults about ______ experiences

• 12

• 10

1 year incidence rates:

• ___/1000 children in the US

• ___/1000 children in Canada

10

About ___% of parents report using forms of physical punishment that constitute child abuse

Neglect

What is the most common experience of maltreatment?

Because these types of abuse are considered more severe

Why do most studies and treatment focus primarily on physical and sexual abuse?

neglected, girls, sexually

Younger children are more likely to be _____ while older children and ______ (sex) are more likely to be _____ abused

Single

______-parent families have higher rates of physical abuse and neglect

up

Counties where children have a greater chance of moving _____ the income ladder have lower child maltreatment rates

There were notable increases in childhood maltreatment during lockdowns across the globe

→ Stronger effect in low and middle income countries due to less access to ressources + higher strain

How did COVID-19 impact childhood maltreatment?

emotions

Maltreatment may change children’s understanding and experience of ______

• 3-5

• recognition

• sensitive

• angry

• sad

→ differences

Study on child maltreatment and emotions:

• Infos:

  • Children between ___ and ___ years old

  • Using an emotion ______ task

• Results:

  • Neglected children were less ______ to differences between facial expressions

  • Physically abused children were more likely to pick ______ faces

  • Neglected children were more likely to pick ______ faces

→ These differences are NOT caused by the fact that children cannot see _____ between faces, they can see them

• less

• anger

Study with an emotion differentiation task:

• Neglected children perceived ____ distinction between angry, sad, fearful facial expressions

• Physically abused children and control children perceived more distinction between _____ and other negative emotions

• 8-10

• angry

• sad

Study examining how early children can identify emotions from pictures:

• Infos:

  • ___ to ___ years old

• Results:

  • Physically abused children needed less information to accurately identify ______ faces than control children

  • Physically abused children needed more information than control children to identify ______ faces

rapidly, intensity, less

In adults with a history of childhood maltreatment, anger and fear are recognized more _____ and at a lower ______, while happiness tends to be _____ well recognized