The Life and Works of Jose Rizal Review

Vocabulary terms and definitions related to the life, education, works, and death of Jose Rizal, as well as the history of the Rizal Law.

Republic Act No. $1425$

Commonly known as the Rizal Law, it mandates the study of Jose Rizal's life, works, and writings in all Philippine schools, signed on June $12$, $1956$.

Sen. Claro M. Recto

The main author of the Rizal Law who believed Filipinos must revisit the ideals of freedom through Rizal's writings.

Sen. Jose P. Laurel

The Chairman of the Committee on Education who sponsored the Rizal Law and proposed the compromise amendment to resolve the conflict with the Church.

Unexpurgated

The original, uncensored versions of Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo that are mandatory for study at the college level.

Francisco Mercado Rizal

Jose Rizal's father, described as a model father and a hardworking farmer from Biñan, Laguna who lived from $1818$ to $1898$.

Teodora Alonso Realonda

Rizal's mother and first teacher who taught him the alphabet and prayers, and inspired him to study medicine.

Paciano

Rizal's only brother and mentor who funded his studies in Europe and served as a General in the Philippine Revolution.

Concepcion (Concha)

The eighth sibling whose death at the age of $3$ marked Rizal's first profound experience of sorrow.

Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz

Rizal's teacher in Biñan who introduced him to formal discipline and academic rigor.

Roman Empire

The group classification for internos (boarders) under the Jesuit educational system at Ateneo Municipal.

Carthaginian Empire

The group classification for externos (non-boarders) under the Jesuit educational system at Ateneo Municipal.

Sobresaliente

The highest academic rating Rizal achieved at Ateneo Municipal, where he graduated with five medals.

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

The novel by Harriet Beecher Stowe that served as a primary inspiration for Rizal to write Noli Me Tangere.

Maximo Viola

The friend who provided the financial assistance necessary to publish Noli Me Tangere in Berlin in $1887$.

Valentin Ventura

The individual who funded the printing of Rizal's second novel, El Filibusterismo, in Ghent, Belgium.

New Calamba

A project planned by Rizal to establish a Filipino colony in Borneo for farmers displaced from their lands.

La Liga Filipina

A civic organization founded by Rizal in $1892$ upon his return to the Philippines, which the Spaniards viewed as a subversive threat.

Pobres Frailes

The title of the anti-friar leaflets found in the luggage of Rizal's sister, Lucia, leading to his arrest.

Rachophorus rizali

A species of frog discovered by Rizal during his scientific explorations while in exile in Dapitan.

Gov. Gen. Ramon Blanco

The official who permitted Rizal to serve as a military doctor in Cuba, which later became a trap resulting in Rizal's arrest.

Consejo de Guerra

The military court that tried Rizal for the crimes of rebellion, sedition, and forming illegal associations.

Mi Ultimo Adios

Rizal's final poem, meaning 'My Last Farewell,' which was hidden inside an alcohol lamp and given to his sister Trinidad.

Bagumbayan

The site of Rizal's execution on December $30$, $1896$, now known as Luneta Park.

Sobre la Indolencia de los Filipinos

An essay where Rizal argued that Filipino 'laziness' was a result of colonial mismanagement and lack of incentives, rather than an inherent trait.

A la Juventud Filipina

A poem in which Rizal refers to the Filipino youth as the 'hope of the motherland.'

Spoliarium

A painting by Juan Luna representing the suffering of Filipinos under Spanish rule; it served as a significant nationalistic inspiration for Rizal.

Segunda Katigbak

Rizal's 'first love' whom he met at age $16$, though they could not be together as she was already engaged to Manuel Luz.

Leonor Rivera

Rizal's 'eternal love' and cousin who served as the real-life inspiration for the character Maria Clara; she eventually married Henry Kipping.

Josephine Bracken

An Irish woman from Hong Kong who became Rizal's 'last woman' and lived with him during his exile in Dapitan.

Invisible Ink

A mixture of salt and water used by Rizal to write secret letters to Leonor Valenzuela.