Anatomy Test Prep!!!

Anatomy

human body structure

Physiology

human body function

Histology

the study of microscopic tissues and organs

Cytology

the study of cells

Gross Anatomy

anatomy focused on large body structures

Microscopic Anatomy

anatomy focused on body cells and tissues

Positive feedback

enhances the original stimulus to accelerate activity (childbirth)

Negative feedback

reduces the original stimulus (body temperature regulation)

Homeostasis

maintaining a stable internal environment

Respiratory

takes in oxygen and releases carbon dioxide; lungs and diaphragm.

Cardiovascular

transports nutrients gasses, hormones, and wastes via the blood; Heart, Blood vessels.

Integuementary

protects the body; skin, hair.

Nervous

controls and coordinates body functions via the nerves; brain, spinal cord.

Endocrine

secretes hormones to regulate body function; glands

Urinary

filters waste in blood through urine; bladder, kidneys

Digestive

breaks food down into nutrients; stomach, intestines.

Lymphatic

returns fluid to the bloodstream; spleen, lymph nodes

Immune

defends body against pathogens; marrow, thymus

Reproductive

enables offspring production; testes, uterus.

Skeletal

provides structure, support, and protection; bones, cartilidge.

Muscular

enables movement; tendons, muscles.

Maintaining boundaries

internal organs are protected and prevented from drying out - integuementary

Movement

moving and manipulating external environments - muscular

Response

ability to sense changes in environment (stimulus) and respond to them - nervous and endocrine

Digestion

breaking down of ingested food - digestive

Metabolism

all chemical reactions occuring in body cells, catabolism, anabolism, cellular respiration - ALL SYSTEMS

Excretion

removing wastes from body - urinary

Reproduce

produce new offspring - reproductive

Growth

increase in size - endocrine

Stimulus

environment change that triggers a response

Receptor

a sensor that detects the stimulus

Control Center

receives information from the receptor and determines an appropriate response.

Effector

organ or cell that carries out responses directed by the control center

Response

the action taken to counteract the stimulus, regaining homeostasis.

heart

Cardi

brain

cerebro

joint

Arthro

vessel

Angio

cancer

Carcin

too much

Hyper

too little

Hypo

cheek

Bucco

head

Cephal

cartilidge

Chondr

skull

Crani

cell

Cyt

through, between

Dia

over/above

epi

outside, beyond

extra

tissue

hist

breast

mamm

form

morpho

kidney

nephro

Nerve

neuro

eye

oculo

ear

oto

below

sub

blood

emia

the study of

ology