Overview, Scope, Sectors, and Supply Components of Tourism and Hospitality

Vocabulary flashcards created from lecture notes covering key definitions, forms of tourism, motivators, industry sectors, organizations, and supply chain components.

Tourism

A social, cultural, and economic phenomenon related to the movement of people outside their usual place of residence, with pleasure as the usual motivation.

Demand-Sided Focus Definition

The behavior of tourists and what they need and seek.

Supply-Sided Focus Definition

The product offered to tourists and what tourists experience.

Visitor

A traveler taking a trip to a destination outside their usual environment for less than a year for business, leisure, or another personal purpose.

Tourist

A visitor whose trip includes an overnight stay in the country or place visited.

Excursionist

A person who does not spend a night at the place visited; also called a same-day tourist.

Tourism Product

The tangible and intangible elements of a trip, including attractions, tours, packages, traveler services, and activities.

Travel

The movement of people or objects from one place to another.

Trip

Travel from the time of departure from the usual residence until return, made up of visits to different places.

Hospitality

The act of providing food, beverages, and lodging to travelers.

Hospitality Management

The planning, organizing, directing, and controlling of human and material resources in hospitality-related industries.

Hospitality Industry

Businesses that provide accommodation, travel, food and beverage, and entertainment to the traveling public.

Front of the House

Departments or personnel with direct contact with guests, such as front office, food and beverage, sales and marketing, and concierge.

Back of the House

Departments or personnel working behind the scenes, such as housekeeping, finance, engineering, and human resources.

Domestic Tourism

Residents of a country traveling only within that country.

Inbound Tourism

Non-residents traveling to a given country.

Outbound Tourism

Residents of a country traveling to another country.

International Tourism

Consists of inbound and outbound tourism, including arrivals and departures in a country.

Intangibility

A characteristic of tourism products meaning they cannot be directly seen, tasted, felt, or heard before purchase and consumption.

Inseparability

A characteristic of tourism services meaning they cannot be separated from the person or company providing them and exist when consumption occurs.

Perishability

A characteristic of tourism products and services meaning they cannot be stored for sale at a future date.

Variability

A characteristic of tourism services having a general level of variability because they are rendered by humans to humans.

Computerized Reservation System (CRS)

A technology used to minimize human contact and errors and display flight details and accurate airfares.

Global Distribution System (GDS)

A system used to provide reservation information and reduce errors in quotations and ticketing.

Absence of Ownership

A characteristic of tourism where tourists acquire the right to certain benefits, but do not own the hotel room, airline seat, or other service.

Manufactured by Many Producers

A characteristic where a tourism product involves different sectors and specialized components combined to create the final product.

Seasonality

Predictable changes over a year in tourism businesses based on seasons, such as peak, mid-season, and off-season.

Discretionary Income

Money left after monetary obligations such as food, rent, and taxes are paid.

Physical Motivators

Motivators related to physical health and well-being, including relaxation, sports, medical care, and health management.

Interpersonal Motivators

The desire to make new friends, visit relatives and friends, or escape daily hassles.

Cultural Motivators

The desire to experience different cultures, traditions, lifestyles, art, and music.

Status and Prestige Motivators

The need for fame, status, self-esteem, and personal development, including business or professional travel.

Push and Pull Theory

A theory by John L. Crompton explaining two travel motivations: the individual's desire to travel and the destination's appeal.

Push Factors

Factors that initiate the desire to travel and participate in recreation or tourism.

Pull Factors

Factors that attract individuals toward specific destinations, such as attractions, climate, culture, and locals.

Facilities Factor

Tourism facilities such as food and beverage establishments, accommodations, roads, and security facilities.

Core Attractions Factor

Activities and services available for tourism, including sports, nightlife, festivals, entertainment, and shopping.

Landscape Features Factor

The geographical features of a destination, such as beaches, forests, rivers, and mountains.

Public Income

Government income from taxation, fees, and fines.

Private Income

Profit earned by sellers from products sold to tourists, such as local artifacts and handicrafts.

Accommodation

A sector that provides places to sleep with amenities and facilities for the temporary use of tourists or travelers.

Food and Beverage Service

The process of preparing, presenting, and serving food and beverages to customers.

Attractions

Facilities visited by tourists at a destination for entertainment, education, and leisure.

Natural Attractions

Attractions created by nature, such as beaches, mountains, forests, and rivers.

Man-Made Attractions

Attractions created by people, such as monuments, malls, and buildings.

Transportation

The sector that provides the medium for the actual movement of travelers through air, water, road, and rail.

Travel Trade

People and companies that resell travel products and services bought or reserved from other parties.

Online Travel Agencies (OTA)

Online agencies involved in selling or arranging travel products and services.

Tour Operators

Travel businesses involved in arranging travel services and tour packages.

Destination Marketing Organizations (DMOs)

Organizations involved in marketing and promoting destinations.

Meetings, Incentives, Conventions, and Exhibitions (MICE)

A fast-growing tourism sector dedicated to planning, organizing, booking, and facilitating conferences, seminars, and other events.

Meeting

An occasion where two or more people come together with a common agenda to discuss.

Incentive

The rewarding of employees for their quality of work and performance.

Convention

The gathering of delegates, representatives, and members of an organization for a common purpose.

Exhibition

An event that promotes new products, services, and materials to attendees who may be potential customers.

Department of Tourism (DOT)

The primary government agency responsible for planning, coordinating, implementing, regulating, developing, and promoting tourism in the Philippines.

National Parks Development Committee (NPDC)

An organization that provides developed and well-maintained parks for recreation and socio-cultural education.

Intramuros Administration (IA)

An agency responsible for the restoration and development of Intramuros as a historical monument.

Philippine Commission on Sports Scuba Diving (PCSSD)

An organization that provides dive rules, regulates scuba and technical diving, and ensures safety in the sport.

Philippine Retirement Authority (PRA)

An authority that develops and promotes the Philippines as a retirement haven to support social and economic development.

Nayong Pilipino Foundation

A foundation that promotes and initiates research and development projects and activities in social sciences, humanities, and related fields.

Duty Free Philippines Corporation (DFPC)

A corporation authorized to operate duty- and tax-free stores in selected airports, seaports, hotels, resorts, and commercial centers.

Tourism Infrastructure and Enterprise Zone Authority (TIEZA)

An authority responsible for implementing tourism programs involving tourism infrastructure, Tourism Enterprise Zones, tourism assets, and travel tax collection.

Tourism Enterprise Zone (TEZ)

A tract of land developed into a tourism complex containing tourism enterprise facilities and services.

Tourism Promotions Board (TPB)

A board responsible for marketing and promoting the Philippines domestically and internationally as a tourism destination.

Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR)

The primary agency responsible for the conservation, management, development, and proper use of the environment and natural resources.

National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA)

The country's premier socioeconomic planning body and authority in macroeconomic forecasting, policy analysis, and research.

National Ecotourism Development Committee (NEDC)

The policy-making body for ecotourism, responsible for developing national ecotourism strategies, policies, guidelines, and programs.

Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)

An organization of 10 Southeast Asian countries that promotes cultural, economic, and political development, as well as regional peace and stability.

Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)

A regional economic forum that promotes economic cooperation, free and open trade, investment, and regional economic integration in the Asia-Pacific.

International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN)

A membership union that promotes nature conservation and sustainable use of natural resources.

United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)

The United Nations agency responsible for promoting responsible, sustainable, and universally accessible tourism.

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)

An organization that promotes international cooperation, peace, sustainable development, and protection of cultural and natural heritage.

World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC)

A global body representing major travel and tourism organizations that promotes inclusive and sustainable growth of the tourism sector.

Cruise Lines International Association (CLIA)

The world's largest cruise industry trade association, representing and supporting the global cruise community.

Pacific Asia Travel Association (PATA)

A not-for-profit association promoting the responsible development of travel and tourism in the Asia-Pacific region.

World Wildlife Fund (WWF)

A conservation organization working to protect biodiversity, conserve natural resources, and reduce environmental degradation.

Tourism Network

A partnership involving different interacting elements, such as tourists, enterprises, institutions, and host communities.

Travel Industry

A composite of private and public organizations involved in the development, production, and marketing of products and services for travelers.

Direct Providers

Businesses that provide services, activities, and products directly consumed or purchased by travelers/tourists.

Support Services

Services that support direct providers by providing products and services that are later sold directly to tourists.

Developmental Organizations

Organizations involved in broader and more complex tourism development, often creating and enforcing laws or rules for tourism stakeholders.

Tourism System

A framework showing the interaction between tourism demand, bridging components, and tourism supply at a destination.

Tourism Demand

The number of people planning to purchase tourism products with sufficient purchasing power.

Bridging Components

Suppliers connected to tourists through tourism marketing channels, mainly intermediaries and facilitators that help the tourism system function efficiently.

Intermediaries

Organizations that connect suppliers with tourists, such as tour operators, retail trade, and meeting and convention planners.

Facilitators

Entities that assist the tourism system through the flow of information, marketing, money, and knowledge.

Tourism Marketing Channels

Channels that connect suppliers to tourists through intermediaries and facilitators.

Tourism Travel Trade Service

An intangible service involving coordination between customers and suppliers at the destination.

Tourism Supply

All assets, services, and goods enjoyed or purchased by tourists.

Infrastructure

Underground and surface developmental constructions that make business activity possible and support superstructures.

Superstructure

Above-ground facility services where business activities occur, such as airports, hotels, restaurants, malls, museums, and entertainment areas.

Hospitality Resources

The general feeling of welcome visitors receive and how service providers deliver tourist services, including the warmth of the local population.

Welcoming Spirit

The friendly attitude and willingness of tourism employees and residents to make visitors feel welcome and comfortable.

Tourism Supply Chain (TSC)

A network of tourism organizations involved in activities from supplying tourism product/service components to the distribution and marketing of the final tourism product at a destination.

Direct Suppliers

First-tier suppliers that directly provide tourism services, such as accommodation, transportation, and excursion providers.

Tour Package

A combination of individual travel services assembled by tour operators/agents and sold to customers/tourists.

Second-Tier Suppliers

Suppliers that provide services or products to first-tier suppliers.