respiratory illnesses

purpose of respiratory system

air exchange, dunction with CVS to pump O2 to the body

upper respiratory tract

nose, pharynx, larynx, sinuses

lower respiratory tract

bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, lungs

URT disease dental considerations

infection control, delayed tx if contagious

possible oral manifestations of URT illnesses

dry mouth, red oropharynx, swollen lymph nodes, hyperemic sclera

registers amount and rate of air a person inhales or exhales

spirometry

non-invasive medical test that measures blood oxygen saturation used in any finger

pulse oximetry

respiratory disease transmission

inhalation of airborne droplets, indirect contact with contaminated items, direct contact with infected person

common cold causes

enlarged tonsils, red palatal lesions

allergic rhinitis causes

hay fever

sinusitis causes

sinus/face pressure, toothache

pharyngitis/tonsillitis causes

enlarged tonsils, red posterior tissues, difficulty swallowing

influenza causes

petechiae or redness in throat from vomiting

respiratory infection that invokes the larger airways accompanied by URI

acute bronchitis

lower respiratory tract symptoms

wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness

typical 65-79 year olds

community-acquired pneumonia

acquired 2 days after admission to hospital, leading cause of death

hospital-acquired pneumonia

oral and periodontal bacteria associated

aspiration pneumonia

#1 cause of pneumonia

viral

other causes of pneumonia

bacterial and fungal

viral pneumonia manifestations

mild, cough, sputum, fever, dyspnea

bacterial pneumonia manifestations

sudden onset, coughing, fever, chest pain, dyspnea

pneumonia dental considerations

infection control, oral hygiene, chair positioning, antiseptic, frequent breaks

RSV is serious in

newborns, elderly

common respiratory virus that cause a mild cold-like symptoms

RSV

rhinoenterovirus

RSV

RSV symptoms

runny nose, coughing, sneezing, fever, wheezing

tuberculosis asa

III, untreated-IV

chronic, infectious respiratory disease

tuberculosis

tuberculosis cause

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Transmission of Tuberculosis

airborne droplets

tuberculosis incubation

2-10 weeks

Tuberculosis early symptoms

low grade fever, weight loss, night sweats

tuberculosis late symptoms

persistent cough, chest pain, hemoptysis

TB radiographic findings

fibrous granular lung tissue

TB oral manifestations

deep irregular ulcer

TB tx

4-9 months 4 treatments

TB dental considerations

no elective care if active disease, infection control

asthma asa

II controlled, III uncontrolled

chronic inflammatory respiratory disease

asthma

Extrinsic (Atopic) Asthma

allergy triggers

Intrinsic (Non-Allergic) Asthma

triggers from within

causes of asthma

allergy, drugs, exercise, infectious

possible contraindications for asthma

aspirin or NSAIDs, pain killers, antibiotics, LA with sulfites

oral manifestations of asthma

xerostomia, candidiasis, erosion, teeth discoloration

asthma attach symptoms

wheezing, chest tightens, difficulty breathing, flushed, sweating

asthma attack tx

sit upright, administer 2 puffs of inhaler

COPD asa

III

excessive mucous production causing chronic cough

chronic bronchitis

destruction of alveolar walls causing distension of the air spaces distal to the terminal bronchioles

emphysema

chronic bronchitis symptoms

overweight, edema, cynotic

emphysema symptoms

weight loss, barrel chest, dry cough

dental considerations of COPD

chair positioning, length of appt, avoid lung infections l, tobacco cessation

cystic fibrosis asa

III

chronic, inherited recessive disease affecting lungs and digestion

cystic fibrosis

diagnosing cystic fibrosis

sweat test, genetic carrier test

CF signs and symptoms

thick mucous, shortness of breath, recurrent lung infections, inhibited growth, clubbed fingers, slaty tasting skin

CF dental considerations

no ultrasonic, suction often, increased calculus, avoid lung infections, frequent antibiotics

CF oral manifestations

chalky white enamel spots, tetracycline staining