Vocabulary 11

Digress

To leave the main topic or subject temporarily when speaking or writing.
🔁 Synonym: Deviate

Example:
During the lecture, the professor digressed to tell a personal story.
(= He briefly talked about something unrelated.)

🔠 Word Family

Digress (verb) – To move away from the main point
She digressed from the topic to answer a question.
🔁 Synonym: Stray

Digression (noun) – A temporary departure from the main subject
His speech included a long digression about his childhood.
🔁 Synonym: Detour

Digressive (adjective) – Tending to stray from the main topic
The essay was too digressive and hard to follow.
🔁 Synonym: Wandering

Anguish

(soufrans). Extreme pain, suffering, or sadness.
🔁 Synonym: Agony

Example:
She felt deep anguish after losing her pet.
(= She experienced great sadness and pain.)

🔠 Word Family

Anguish (noun) – Severe mental or physical pain
The movie showed the anguish of war survivors.
🔁 Synonym: Distress

Anguished (adjective) – Showing great pain or sorrow
He gave an anguished cry when he heard the news.
🔁 Synonym: Heartbroken

Anguishly (adverb) – In a way that shows pain or sorrow
She looked at him anguishedly.
🔁 Synonym: Sadly

Originate

To begin or come from a particular place or source.
🔁 Synonym: Begin

Example:
Jazz music originated in New Orleans.
(= Jazz started or came from there.)

🔠 Word Family

Originate (verb) – To have a starting point or source
Many words in English originate from Latin.
🔁 Synonym: Derive

Origin (noun) – The point or place where something begins
The origin of the river is in the mountains.
🔁 Synonym: Source

Original (adjective) – Being the first or earliest of its kind
This is an original idea, not copied from others.
🔁 Synonym: Unique

Sedate

Calm, quiet, and composed; to make someone calm or sleepy, often with medicine.
🔁 Synonym: Calm / Tranquil

Example:
The nurse gave the patient medicine to sedate him before surgery.
(= To make him calm or sleepy.)

The lake was sedate and peaceful in the early morning.
(= It was calm and quiet.)

🔠 Word Family

Sedate (adjective) – Calm and unhurried
She spoke in a sedate tone during the meeting.
🔁 Synonym: Serene

Sedate (verb) – To calm or put to sleep with medicine
The vet sedated the dog for the operation.
🔁 Synonym: Tranquilize

Sedation (noun) – The process of calming or putting to sleep
Sedation is used to reduce anxiety during procedures.
🔁 Synonym: Tranquilization

Sift

(PASE) To separate or remove unwanted parts by passing through a filter or fine mesh; also to carefully examine something.
🔁 Synonym: Filter / Examine

Example:
She sifted the flour before baking the cake.
(= She passed it through a sieve to remove lumps.)

The detective sifted through the evidence for clues.
(= He carefully examined the information.)

🔠 Word Family

Sift (verb) – To separate or examine carefully
They sifted sand to find small shells.
🔁 Synonym: Sort

Sifter (noun) – A tool used for sifting
The baker used a sifter to prepare the flour.
🔁 Synonym: Strainer

Topping

Something placed on top of food to add flavor or decoration.
🔁 Synonym: Garnish

Example:
She added chocolate chips as a topping on the ice cream.
(= She put something on top to make it tastier.)

🔠 Word Family

Topping (noun) – A layer or item added on top of food
The pizza had many toppings like cheese and peppers.
🔁 Synonym: Layer

Top (verb) – To put something on the highest part
She topped the cake with fresh strawberries.
🔁 Synonym: Cover

Annihilation

Complete destruction or total defeat.
🔁 Synonym: Destruction

Example:
The war led to the annihilation of the ancient city.
(= The city was completely destroyed.)

🔠 Word Family

Annihilation (noun) – The act of completely destroying something
The bomb caused total annihilation of the building.
🔁 Synonym: Eradication

Annihilate (verb) – To destroy completely —détruir
The army was annihilated in the battle.
🔁 Synonym: Destroy

Erect

To build or put something up straight and upright.
🔁 Synonym: Build

Example:
They erected a statue in the city square.
(= They built and placed the statue standing up.)

🔠 Word Family

Erect (verb) – To construct or set up
The workers erected scaffolding around the building.
🔁 Synonym: Assemble

Erect (adjective) – Standing straight up
The flagpole was erect after being installed.
🔁 Synonym: Upright

Erection (noun) – The act of building or putting up
The erection of the new bridge took two years.
🔁 Synonym: Construction

Hurl

To throw something with a lot of force.
🔁 Synonym: Throw

Example:
He hurled the ball across the field.
(= He threw the ball very hard.)

🔠 Word Family

Hurl (verb) – To throw forcefully
She hurled the rock into the river.
🔁 Synonym: Toss

Hurled (adjective/verb – past) – Thrown with force
The vase was hurled against the wall.
🔁 Synonym: Thrown

Stifle

To stop or hold back something, like a feeling, sound, or action. —-toufe
🔁 Synonym: Suppress

Example:
She tried to stifle a laugh during the serious meeting.
(= She tried to hold back her laughter.)

🔠 Word Family

Stifle (verb) – To prevent or control
The heat can stifle creativity.
🔁 Synonym: Restrain

Stifling (adjective) – Causing difficulty or preventing something
The stifling heat made it hard to work.
🔁 Synonym: Suffocating

Choreography

Planning and organizing The art or practice of designing and arranging dance movements.
🔁 Synonym: Dance design

Example:
The choreography of the ballet was beautiful and precise.
(= The planned dance moves were well arranged.)

🔠 Word Family

Choreography (noun) – The creation and arrangement of dance steps
She studied choreography to become a dance instructor.
🔁 Synonym: Dance planning

Choreographer (noun) – A person who creates and arranges dance moves
The choreographer designed the show’s dance routines.
🔁 Synonym: Dance director

movements.

Clog

To block or fill something so that movement or flow is stopped or slowed down.
🔁 Synonym: Block

Example:
Leaves clogged the drain after the storm.
(= The drain was blocked by leaves.)

🔠 Word Family

Clog (verb) – To become blocked or to block something
The pipes clogged with grease.
🔁 Synonym: Obstruct

Clogged (adjective) – Blocked or filled so nothing can pass through
The clogged sink caused water to back up.
🔁 Synonym: Blocked

Fascist

A person who supports a political system with strict control, often led by a dictator, and limits freedom.
🔁 Synonym: Dictator supporter

Example:
The country was ruled by a fascist government.
(= The government had strict control and limited freedoms.)

🔠 Word Family

Fascist (noun) – Someone who supports fascism
The fascists controlled the media and the army.
🔁 Synonym: Authoritarian

Fascism (noun) – A political system with total control and no tolerance for opposition
Fascism suppresses individual rights.
🔁 Synonym: Totalitarianism

Fascist (adjective) – Related to or characteristic of fascism
The regime used fascist policies to maintain power.
🔁 Synonym: Authoritarian

Adventurous

Willing to take risks or try new and exciting things.
🔁 Synonym: Daring

Example:
She is adventurous and loves traveling to new places.
(= She enjoys trying new experiences.)

🔠 Word Family

Adventurous (adjective) – Ready to face danger or new experiences
They went on an adventurous hike through the jungle.
🔁 Synonym: Bold

Adventure (noun) – An exciting or risky experience
The trip was full of adventure.
🔁 Synonym: Excitement

Adventurer (noun) – A person who seeks exciting experiences
He is a brave adventurer exploring the mountains.
🔁 Synonym: Explorer

Daze

(SEZI, ETONE)— A state of confusion or stunned feeling, often caused by shock or surprise.
🔁 Synonym: Bewilderment

Example:
He was in a daze after hearing the unexpected news.
(= He felt confused and stunned.)

🔠 Word Family

Daze (noun) – A confused or stunned state
She walked around in a daze after the accident.
🔁 Synonym: Shock

Daze (verb) – To stun or confuse someone
The loud noise dazed him momentarily.
🔁 Synonym: Stun

Dazed (adjective) – Feeling confused or stunned
He looked dazed after the fall.
🔁 Synonym: Confused

Facade

The front of a building, or a way of behaving that hides what someone really feels or is like.
🔁 Synonym: Front / Mask

Example:
The building’s facade was decorated with beautiful columns.
(= The front of the building looked impressive.)

She kept a happy facade despite feeling sad inside.
(= She showed a false appearance of happiness.)

🔠 Word Family

Facade (noun) – The exterior face of a building or a false appearance
Behind his cheerful facade, he was worried.
🔁 Synonym: Appearance

Fluffy

Soft and light, often with a lot of small, soft parts like fur or feathers.
🔁 Synonym: Soft

Example:
The kitten has fluffy fur that feels very soft.
(= Its fur is light and soft to touch.)

🔠 Word Family

Fluffy (adjective) – Having a soft, light texture
She made a fluffy pillow from feathers.
🔁 Synonym: Fuzzy

Garment

A piece of clothing.
🔁 Synonym: Clothing

Example:
She bought a new garment for the party.
(= She bought a new piece of clothing.)

🔠 Word Family

Garment (noun) – An article of clothing
The store sells various garments like shirts and dresses.
🔁 Synonym: Apparel

Gruesome

Very ugly or shocking, often causing horror or disgust.
🔁 Synonym: Horrible

Example:
The movie showed gruesome scenes of the accident.
(= The scenes were shocking and disturbing.)

🔠 Word Family

Gruesome (adjective) – Causing horror or disgust
The gruesome crime shocked the whole town.
🔁 Synonym: Ghastly

Gruesomely (adverb) – In a horrible or shocking way
The story was gruesomely detailed.
🔁 Synonym: Horribly

Moisture

Small amounts of water or liquid in the air, on surfaces, or in materials.
🔁 Synonym: Dampness

Example:
The moisture in the air made the walls damp.
(= There was some water in the air causing wetness.)

🔠 Word Family

Moisture (noun) – Water present in small amounts
Plants need moisture to grow.
🔁 Synonym: Humidity

Moist (adjective) – Slightly wet or damp
The soil was moist after the rain.
🔁 Synonym: Damp

Moisten (verb) – To make something slightly wet
She moistened the cloth before cleaning.
🔁 Synonym: Wet

Reek

To have a very strong, unpleasant smell.
🔁 Synonym: Stink

Example:
The garbage reeked after sitting in the sun all day.
(= It smelled very bad.)

🔠 Word Family

Reek (verb) – To smell strongly and unpleasantly
The room reeked of smoke.
🔁 Synonym: Smell bad

Reek (noun) – A strong bad smell
There was a reek coming from the kitchen.
🔁 Synonym: Stench

Reverence

Deep respect and admiration for someone or something.
🔁 Synonym: Honor

Example:
They showed great reverence for their teacher’s wisdom.

🔠 Word Family

Reverence (noun) – A feeling or attitude of deep respect
The monk spoke with reverence about nature.
🔁 Synonym: Veneration

Revere (verb) – To deeply respect or admire
Many people revere their grandparents for their life experience.
🔁 Synonym: Respect

Reverent (adjective) – Showing deep respect
There was a reverent silence in the room.
🔁 Synonym: Respectful

Reverently (adverb) – In a deeply respectful way
He listened reverently to the speaker.
🔁 Synonym: Humbly

Revival

The process of becoming active, popular, or strong again.
🔁 Synonym: Renewal

Example:
The revival of traditional music attracted many young people.
(= Traditional music became popular again.)

🔠 Word Family

Revival (noun) – A return to life, health, or activity
The town experienced a revival after the new factory opened.
🔁 Synonym: Resurgence

Revive (verb) – To bring back to life or activity
The doctor revived the patient after the accident.
🔁 Synonym: Restore

Revived (adjective) – Made active or popular again
The revived interest in art boosted the museum’s visitors.
🔁 Synonym: Renewed

Coordinate

To organize or work together smoothly with others to achieve a goal.
🔁 Synonym: Organize

Example:
They coordinated the event to ensure everything went well.
(= They worked together to plan and manage the event.)

🔠 Word Family

Coordinate (verb) – To arrange or work in harmony
The teams coordinated their efforts for the project.
🔁 Synonym: Collaborate

Coordination (noun) – The act of working together effectively
Good coordination is important in team sports.
🔁 Synonym: Cooperation

Coordinator (noun) – A person who organizes and manages activities
She is the coordinator of the charity event.
🔁 Synonym: Organizer

Compromise

An agreement where each side gives up something to reach a solution.
🔁 Synonym: Settlement

Example:
They reached a compromise after long discussions.
(= Both sides agreed by giving up part of their demands.)

🔠 Word Family

Compromise (noun) – An agreement made by mutual concession
The compromise solved the conflict.
🔁 Synonym: Agreement

Compromise (verb) – To settle by making concessions
She compromised to keep the peace.
🔁 Synonym: Settle

Compromising (adjective) – Showing willingness to make concessions
His compromising attitude helped resolve the dispute.
🔁 Synonym: Flexible

Solemn

Serious, formal, and not cheerful.
🔁 Synonym: Serious

Example:
The ceremony was a solemn occasion.
(= It was serious and respectful.)

🔠 Word Family

Solemn (adjective) – Showing deep sincerity or seriousness
He gave a solemn promise to help.
🔁 Synonym: Earnest

Solemnity (noun) – The quality of being serious or formal
The solemnity of the event was clear.
🔁 Synonym: Gravity

Solemnly (adverb) – In a serious or formal manner
She spoke solemnly during the speech.
🔁 Synonym: Seriously

Confidentiality

The state of keeping information private and not sharing it with others.
🔁 Synonym: Privacy

Example:
The doctor assured the patient of complete confidentiality.
(= The patient’s information would be kept secret.)

🔠 Word Family

Confidentiality (noun) – The quality of keeping information secret
Confidentiality is important in legal cases.
🔁 Synonym: Secrecy

Confidential (adjective) – Intended to be kept secret or private
They shared confidential documents with the lawyer.
🔁 Synonym: Private

Confide (verb) – To share private information with someone trusted
She confided her fears to a close friend.
🔁 Synonym: Trust

Instigate

To cause something to begin, especially something bad or difficult.
🔁 Synonym: Trigger

Example:
His rude comments instigated an argument.
(= He caused the argument to start.)

🔠 Word Family

Instigate (verb) – To start or provoke
The protesters instigated a demonstration.
🔁 Synonym: Incite

Instigation (noun) – The act of causing something to happen
The instigation of the strike led to negotiations.
🔁 Synonym: Provocation

Succumb

To give in to something stronger, such as pressure, illness, or temptation.
🔁 Synonym: Yield

Example:
He succumbed to the cold after a long illness.
(= He gave in and became very sick.)

🔠 Word Family

Succumb (verb) – To fail to resist or overcome
She succumbed to temptation and ate the cake.
🔁 Synonym: Submit

Succumbed (adjective/verb – past) – Having given in
They succumbed to the demands of the protesters.
🔁 Synonym: Yielded

Yield

To give way or surrender to someone or something; also to produce or provide.
🔁 Synonym: Give in / Produce

Example:
The driver yielded to the pedestrian at the crosswalk.
(= The driver stopped to let the pedestrian pass.)

The farm yields a good harvest every year.
(= The farm produces crops.)

🔠 Word Family

Yield (verb – give way) – To stop resisting or give control
They yielded to the pressure from their boss.
🔁 Synonym: Submit

Yield (verb – produce) – To provide or produce something
The garden yields fresh vegetables.
🔁 Synonym: Produce

Yielding (adjective) – Giving way easily
The yielding soil was good for planting.
🔁 Synonym: Flexible

Scope

The range or extent of something; the opportunity or ability to do something. —-grandeur, dimansyon
🔁 Synonym: Range / Opportunity

Example:
The scope of the project includes research and development.
(= The project covers these areas.)

There is scope for improvement in your work.
(= There is opportunity to make it better.)

🔠 Word Family

Scope (noun) – The area covered by something
The scope of the law is limited to certain cases.
🔁 Synonym: Range

Scoping (verb – informal) – The act of examining or assessing
They are scoping the site for construction.
🔁 Synonym: Surveying

Mere

Used to emphasize how small or insignificant something is. —semp
🔁 Synonym: Only

Example:
It was a mere five minutes until the show started.
(= Only five minutes.)

The mere thought of spiders scares her.
(= Just thinking about it is enough to scare her.)

🔠 Word Family

Mere (adjective) – Used to stress something is small or simple
He won by a mere point.
🔁 Synonym: Slight

Renovate

To repair or improve a building or space to make it better or like new.
🔁 Synonym: Restore

Example:
They renovated the old house to make it modern.
(= They fixed and improved the house.)

🔠 Word Family

Renovate (verb) – To repair and update
The company plans to renovate the office next year.
🔁 Synonym: Remodel

Renovation (noun) – The process of repairing or improving
The renovation took six months to complete.
🔁 Synonym: Restoration

Renovated (adjective) – Repaired or improved
The renovated kitchen looks brand new.
🔁 Synonym: Updated

Illustrative

Serving as an example or explanation to make something clearer.
🔁 Synonym: Demonstrative

Example:
The teacher used an illustrative story to explain the concept.
(= The story helped make the idea clearer.)

🔠 Word Family

Illustrative (adjective) – Providing examples or clarification
The diagram is illustrative of the process.
🔁 Synonym: Explanatory

Illustrate (verb) – To explain or decorate with pictures or examples
She illustrated the book with colorful drawings.
🔁 Synonym: Explain / Decorate

Illustration (noun) – A picture or example that helps explain something
The textbook includes many illustrations.
🔁 Synonym: Example / Picture

Inverse

Opposite in position, direction, order, or effect.
🔁 Synonym: Opposite

Example:
There is an inverse relationship between speed and travel time.
(= When speed increases, travel time decreases.)

🔠 Word Family

Inverse (adjective) – Opposite in effect or direction
The inverse proportion means as one value goes up, the other goes down.
🔁 Synonym: Reverse

Inverse (noun) – Something that is the opposite of another
The inverse of the function was difficult to calculate.
🔁 Synonym: Opposite

Covenant

A serious and formal agreement or promise, often between two parties. —-alyans
🔁 Synonym: Pact

Example:
The two nations signed a covenant to protect each other in times of war.

🔠 Word Family

Covenant (noun) – A formal promise or binding agreement —kontra
Marriage is often seen as a sacred covenant.
🔁 Synonym: Contract

Covenant (verb – less common) – To formally agree or promise something
They covenanted to work together for peace.
🔁 Synonym: Agree

Covenantal (adjective) – Related to or involving a covenant
The covenantal bond between the people and their leader was strong.
🔁 Synonym: Binding

Sonic

Related to sound, especially its speed, vibration, or impact.
🔁 Synonym: Sound-related

Example:
The jet made a loud boom as it broke the sonic barrier.

🔠 Word Family

Sonic (adjective) – Connected to sound or the speed of sound
The device sends out sonic waves to detect motion.
🔁 Synonym: Acoustic

Supersonic (adjective) – Faster than the speed of sound
The plane traveled at supersonic speed.
🔁 Synonym: Ultrasonic

Subsonic (adjective) – Slower than the speed of sound
Most commercial airplanes fly at subsonic speeds.
🔁 Synonym: Below-sound-speed

Chilly

Slightly cold, often in an uncomfortable or unpleasant way.
🔁 Synonym: Cool

Example:
It’s getting chilly outside—you might need a jacket.

🔠 Word Family

Chilly (adjective) – Uncomfortably cool in temperature or feeling
The room felt chilly without the heater.
🔁 Synonym: Cold

Chilliness (noun) – The state of being slightly cold
There was a chilliness in the air before the storm.
🔁 Synonym: Coolness

Chill (verb/noun) – To make or become cold; a cool feeling
Let’s chill the drinks before the guests arrive.
He felt a sudden chill down his spine.
🔁 Synonym: Cool / Coldness

Chilled (adjective) – Made cold
The chilled lemonade was refreshing.
🔁 Synonym: Cooled

Evade

To avoid or escape from something or someone, often cleverly or secretly.
🔁 Synonym: Avoid

Example:
He evaded the question by changing the subject.
(= He avoided answering directly.)

🔠 Word Family

Evade (verb) – To get away from or avoid
The thief evaded the police for weeks.
🔁 Synonym: Elude

Evasion (noun) – The act of avoiding or escaping
His evasion of taxes caused legal trouble.
🔁 Synonym: Avoidance

Evasive (adjective) – Tending to avoid or escape
She gave an evasive answer.
🔁 Synonym: Indirect

Evolutionary

Related to the process of gradual change and development over time.
🔁 Synonym: Developmental

Example:
The evolutionary changes in animals show how species adapt.
(= Changes happen gradually over time.)

🔠 Word Family

Evolutionary (adjective) – Connected to evolution or gradual development
Evolutionary biology studies how life changes.
🔁 Synonym: Progressive

Evolution (noun) – The process of gradual change or development
Human evolution took millions of years.
🔁 Synonym: Development

Evolve (verb) – To develop or change gradually
Species evolve to survive in their environments.
🔁 Synonym: Develop

Salvage

To save something valuable from loss, damage, or destruction.
🔁 Synonym: Rescue

Example:
They managed to salvage some furniture from the fire.
(= They saved furniture before it was destroyed.)

🔠 Word Family

Salvage (verb) – To save or recover something
The crew salvaged supplies from the wrecked ship.
🔁 Synonym: Recover

Salvage (noun) – The act of saving or the things saved
The salvage from the shipwreck was sold at auction.
🔁 Synonym: Recovery

Vulgar

Crude, rude, or lacking good manners or taste.
🔁 Synonym: Crude

Example:
His vulgar jokes offended many people.
(= His jokes were rude and inappropriate.)

🔠 Word Family

Vulgar (adjective) – Lacking sophistication or good taste
The movie had many vulgar scenes.
🔁 Synonym: Offensive

Vulgarity (noun) – The quality of being rude or crude
The vulgarity of his language shocked the audience.
🔁 Synonym: Rudeness

Vulgarly (adverb) – In a rude or crude way
He spoke vulgarly during the argument.
🔁 Synonym: Rudely

Exalt

To praise someone highly or raise them to a higher rank or status.
🔁 Synonym: Praise

Example:
The hero was exalted for his bravery.
(= He was highly praised and honored.)

🔠 Word Family

Exalt (verb) – To lift up or glorify
The crowd exalted the champion after the victory.
🔁 Synonym: Celebrate

Exaltation (noun) – The act of praising or being raised in rank
Her exaltation came after years of hard work.
🔁 Synonym: Praise

Perch

To sit or rest on something high or narrow.
🔁 Synonym: Sit

Example:
The bird perched on the tree branch.
(= It rested on the branch.)

🔠 Word Family

Perch (verb) – To sit or stand on a raised place
She perched on the edge of the chair.
🔁 Synonym: Rest

Perch (noun) – A high or narrow resting place
The cat found a perch on the windowsill.
🔁 Synonym: Ledge

Probation

A period during which someone is tested or watched closely, often after doing something wrong, to see if they improve.
🔁 Synonym: Trial

Example:
The employee was on probation for three months before being hired permanently.
(= He was tested or observed during this time.)

🔠 Word Family

Probation (noun) – A test period or supervision after wrongdoing
The student was placed on academic probation for poor grades.
🔁 Synonym: Trial period

Probationary (adjective) – Relating to a trial or test period
She is working under a probationary contract.
🔁 Synonym: Trial

Descendant

A person who comes from a particular ancestor or family line. —desandan
🔁 Synonym: Offspring

Example:
She is a descendant of a famous artist.
(= She comes from that family.)

🔠 Word Family

Descendant (noun) – Someone who is related to an earlier person
The descendants gathered for the family reunion.
🔁 Synonym: Heir

Descend (verb) – To come down from a higher place or ancestor
He descends from a long line of farmers.
🔁 Synonym: Come down

Descendance (noun – rare) – The act of coming from ancestors
The family’s descendance was traced back centuries.
🔁 Synonym: Lineage

Finite

Having limits or an end; not infinite. —limite
🔁 Synonym: Limited

Example:
Our time for the project is finite, so we must work quickly.
(= There is only a certain amount of time.)

🔠 Word Family

Finite (adjective) – Having a fixed or limited amount
The resources are finite and must be used carefully.
🔁 Synonym: Restricted

Infinity (noun – opposite) – Something without limits or end
The universe is often thought to have no infinity.
🔁 Synonym: Endless

Infinite (adjective – opposite) – Without limits or end
Space is infinite and goes on forever.
🔁 Synonym: Boundless

Hyper

Extremely active, excited, or beyond normal limits.
🔁 Synonym: Overactive

Example:
The children were hyper after eating too much candy.
(= They were very energetic and excited.)

🔠 Word Family

Hyper (adjective) – Excessively active or energetic
He felt hyper before the big game.
🔁 Synonym: Energetic

Hyperactive (adjective) – More active than usual, often excessively so
The hyperactive puppy kept running around.
🔁 Synonym: Overactive

Hyperactivity (noun) – The condition of being overly active
His hyperactivity made it hard to focus.
🔁 Synonym: Restlessness

Prolong

To make something last longer than usual. —prolonje
🔁 Synonym: Extend

Example:
They decided to prolong the meeting to finish all the topics.
(= They made the meeting last longer.)

🔠 Word Family

Prolong (verb) – To lengthen the duration of something
The medicine can prolong life in some patients.
🔁 Synonym: Continue

Prolonged (adjective) – Lasting for a long time
There was a prolonged delay due to the storm.
🔁 Synonym: Extended

Prolongation (noun) – The act of making something longer
The prolongation of the project caused extra costs.
🔁 Synonym: Extension

Brittle

Hard but easily broken or cracked. (frajil, fèb)
🔁 Synonym: Fragile

Example:
The old glass was brittle and cracked easily.
(= It broke with little pressure.)

🔠 Word Family

Brittle (adjective) – Easily broken or damaged
The brittle leaves crumbled underfoot.
🔁 Synonym: Delicate

Brittleness (noun) – The quality of being brittle
The brittleness of the material made it unsuitable for construction.
🔁 Synonym: Fragility

Carnage

Large-scale killing or destruction, especially in war or violence. —masak
🔁 Synonym: Massacre

Example:
The battlefield was filled with carnage after the fierce fight.
(= There was a lot of death and destruction.)

🔠 Word Family

Carnage (noun) – The killing of many people or animals
The war resulted in massive carnage.
🔁 Synonym: Slaughter

Decompose

To break down into smaller parts, especially when something natural rots or decays. —dekonpoze
🔁 Synonym: Decay

Example:
Leaves decompose on the forest floor and enrich the soil.
(= They break down naturally over time.)

🔠 Word Family

Decompose (verb) – To rot or break apart naturally
Food left out too long will decompose.
🔁 Synonym: Rot

Decomposition (noun) – The process of breaking down
Decomposition of organic matter is important for the environment.
🔁 Synonym: Decay

Drizzle

Light rain falling in very small drops. —-tigout, farinen
🔁 Synonym: Sprinkle

Example:
It started to drizzle just as we left the house.
(= Light rain began to fall.)

🔠 Word Family

Drizzle (noun) – Light rain
The gentle drizzle made the streets wet.
🔁 Synonym: Mist

Drizzle (verb) – To rain lightly
It drizzled all afternoon.
🔁 Synonym: Sprinkle

Dynasty

A series of rulers from the same family, ruling for several generations.
🔁 Synonym: Royal family

Example:
The Ming dynasty ruled China for centuries.
(= The family ruled the country for a long time.)

🔠 Word Family

Dynasty (noun) – A line of hereditary rulers or leaders
The dynasty lasted for over 300 years.
🔁 Synonym: Lineage

Dynastic (adjective) – Related to a dynasty or ruling family
The dynastic traditions shaped the country’s history.
🔁 Synonym: Hereditary

Infest

To be present in large numbers, causing harm or annoyance. —enfèste
🔁 Synonym: Overrun

Example:
The house was infested with termites.
(= Termites were present in large numbers, causing damage.)

🔠 Word Family

Infest (verb) – To spread or swarm over
The fields were infested with weeds.
🔁 Synonym: Overrun

Infestation (noun) – The presence of many harmful pests
The infestation required professional pest control.
🔁 Synonym: Overgrowth

Joyous

Feeling or showing great happiness and joy. —jwaye
🔁 Synonym: Happy

Example:
They had a joyous celebration after the victory.
(= The celebration was full of happiness.)

🔠 Word Family

Joyous (adjective) – Full of joy and happiness
The joyous children played in the park.
🔁 Synonym: Cheerful

Joy (noun) – A feeling of great happiness
She was filled with joy on her wedding day.
🔁 Synonym: Delight

Joyfully (adverb) – In a happy and joyful way
They danced joyfully at the party.
🔁 Synonym: Happily

Lifeline

Something that provides help, support, or hope in a difficult situation.
🔁 Synonym: Support

Example:
The rescue team threw a lifeline to the stranded hikers.
(= They offered help to save them.)

🔠 Word Family

Lifeline (noun) – A source of help or survival
For many, education is a lifeline out of poverty.
🔁 Synonym: Aid

Ooze

To flow or leak out slowly, often a thick or sticky liquid.
🔁 Synonym: Seep

Example:
Sap oozed from the tree bark.
(= The sticky liquid flowed out slowly.)

🔠 Word Family

Ooze (verb) – To flow out slowly
Water oozed from the damaged pipe.
🔁 Synonym: Leak

Ooze (noun) – A slow flow of liquid
There was an ooze of oil on the ground.
🔁 Synonym: Seepage

Spat

A small argument or fight, usually brief and not serious.
🔁 Synonym: Quarrel

Example:
They had a spat over where to eat dinner.
(= They argued briefly.)

🔠 Word Family

Spat (noun) – A short, minor fight or disagreement
The siblings’ spat was quickly forgotten.
🔁 Synonym: Dispute

Spat (verb – past tense of spit) – To forcefully eject saliva from the mouth
He spat on the ground in frustration.
🔁 Synonym: Expectorate

Catalyst

Something or someone that causes a change or event to happen faster.
🔁 Synonym: Trigger

Example:
The invention was a catalyst for technological progress.
(= It caused progress to happen more quickly.)

🔠 Word Family

Catalyst (noun) – A cause of change or action
The speech acted as a catalyst for social reform.
🔁 Synonym: Stimulus

Catalyze (verb) – To cause or speed up a reaction or change
The new law catalyzed improvements in education.
🔁 Synonym: Accelerate

Conservation

The act of protecting and preserving natural resources or the environment. —konsèvasyon
🔁 Synonym: Preservation

Example:
Conservation efforts help protect endangered species.
(= Actions taken to save and protect animals.)

🔠 Word Family

Conservation (noun) – The care and protection of nature
Forest conservation is important for clean air.
🔁 Synonym: Protection

Conserve (verb) – To save or protect something from harm or loss
We must conserve water during the drought.
🔁 Synonym: Preserve

Conservative (adjective) – Wanting to protect existing conditions or traditions
She has conservative views on environmental issues.
🔁 Synonym: Traditional

Desirable

Worth wanting or attracting because it is good or useful. —dezirab
🔁 Synonym: Attractive

Example:
A house near the beach is very desirable.
(= Many people want to live there.)

🔠 Word Family

Desirable (adjective) – Worth having or aiming for
Good communication skills are desirable in a job candidate.
🔁 Synonym: Pleasing

Desire (verb) – To want or wish for something
She desires success in her career.
🔁 Synonym: Want

Desire (noun) – A strong feeling of wanting
His desire to learn was clear.
🔁 Synonym: Wish

Dignify

To make something or someone seem worthy, honorable, or important.
🔁 Synonym: Honor

Example:
They dignified her efforts by giving her an award.
(= They showed respect and importance for her work.)

🔠 Word Family

Dignify (verb) – To give dignity or honor to
The ceremony dignified the achievements of the students.
🔁 Synonym: Elevate

Dignity (noun) – The quality of being worthy or honorable
She carried herself with dignity.
🔁 Synonym: Respect

Dignified (adjective) – Showing or deserving respect
He gave a dignified speech at the event.
🔁 Synonym: Respectful

Erotic

Related to sexual desire or excitement.
🔁 Synonym: Sensual

Example:
The novel contained some erotic scenes.
(= It included parts that showed sexual feelings.)

🔠 Word Family

Erotic (adjective) – Causing or expressing sexual excitement
The painting had an erotic theme.
🔁 Synonym: Passionate

Eroticism (noun) – The quality of being erotic or sexual
The film explored themes of eroticism.
🔁 Synonym: Sensuality

Ghastly

Very shocking, horrible, or frightening to look at or think about.
🔁 Synonym: Horrible

Example:
The accident scene was ghastly and hard to watch.
(= It was very shocking and disturbing.)

🔠 Word Family

Ghastly (adjective) – Causing fear or disgust
He looked ghastly after the scary movie.
🔁 Synonym: Frightening

Ghastliness (noun) – The quality of being shocking or terrible
The ghastliness of the crime shocked the town.
🔁 Synonym: Horror

Ghastly (adverb – rare) – In a very unpleasant or frightening way
The storm raged ghastly through the night.
🔁 Synonym: Horribly

Lawful

Allowed by law; legal and following the rules.
🔁 Synonym: Legal

Example:
The business operates in a lawful manner.
(= It follows the law.)

🔠 Word Family

Lawful (adjective) – In accordance with the law
They made a lawful decision based on regulations.
🔁 Synonym: Legitimate

Lawfully (adverb) – In a legal or permitted way
The goods were lawfully imported.
🔁 Synonym: Legally

Lawfulness (noun) – The quality of being lawful
The lawfulness of the contract was confirmed.
🔁 Synonym: Legality

Multitude

A large number or crowd of people or things.
🔁 Synonym: Crowd

Example:
A multitude of fans gathered at the concert.
(= Many people came together.)

🔠 Word Family

Multitude (noun) – A great number
The project attracted a multitude of volunteers.
🔁 Synonym: Mass

Shameful

Very bad or embarrassing, causing feelings of guilt or disgrace.— wonte
🔁 Synonym: Disgraceful

Example:
His behavior was shameful and disappointed everyone.
(= He acted in a way that caused embarrassment.)

🔠 Word Family

Shameful (adjective) – Causing shame or embarrassment
The shameful act was condemned by the community.
🔁 Synonym: Dishonorable

Shame (noun) – A painful feeling caused by doing something wrong
She felt deep shame after the mistake.
🔁 Synonym: Guilt

Shamefully (adverb) – In a way that causes shame
He behaved shamefully during the meeting.
🔁 Synonym: Disgracefully

Withhold

To hold back or refuse to give something.
🔁 Synonym: Hold back

Example:
The company withheld the employee’s bonus until the project was completed.
(= They did not give the bonus immediately.)

🔠 Word Family

Withhold (verb) – To keep something and not give it out
She withheld information during the investigation.
🔁 Synonym: Retain

Withheld (adjective/verb – past) – Kept back or refused to give
The withheld documents were later released.
🔁 Synonym: Reserved

Chuckle

To laugh quietly or softly.
🔁 Synonym: Giggle

Example:
He chuckled at the funny joke.
(= He laughed quietly.)

🔠 Word Family

Chuckle (verb) – To laugh in a low, quiet way
She chuckled during the funny story.
🔁 Synonym: Snicker

Chuckle (noun) – A soft, quiet laugh
His chuckle lightened the mood.
🔁 Synonym: Giggle

Merciful

Showing kindness or forgiveness, especially to someone who could be punished. —-pitye
🔁 Synonym: Compassionate

Example:
The judge was merciful and gave a lighter sentence.
(= The judge was kind instead of harsh.)

🔠 Word Family

Merciful (adjective) – Kind and forgiving
She made a merciful decision to pardon the offender.
🔁 Synonym: Lenient

Mercy (noun) – Kindness shown to someone in a difficult situation
They begged for mercy during the trial.
🔁 Synonym: Compassion

Mercifully (adverb) – In a kind or forgiving way
He was mercifully spared from punishment.
🔁 Synonym: Kindly

Retribution

Punishment given as a deserved response to wrongdoing.
🔁 Synonym: Revenge

Example:
The criminal feared retribution for his crimes.
(= He expected to be punished.)

🔠 Word Family

Retribution (noun) – The act of punishing or getting justice
The victims sought retribution for the damage done.
🔁 Synonym: Punishment

Retributive (adjective) – Related to punishment or revenge
The retributive actions aimed to balance the scales of justice.
🔁 Synonym: Punishing

Abomination

Something very bad, disgusting, or offensive.
🔁 Synonym: Atrocity

Example:
Pollution is an abomination to those who care about the environment.
(= It is something very harmful and terrible.)

🔠 Word Family

Abomination (noun) – A thing that causes disgust or hatred
The destruction of the forest was called an abomination.
🔁 Synonym: Horror

Atrocity

A very cruel or terrible act, especially one involving violence or harm to many people.
🔁 Synonym: Cruelty

Example:
The war was marked by many atrocities against civilians.
(= There were many terrible acts of violence.)

🔠 Word Family

Atrocity (noun) – An extremely bad or violent act
The government condemned the atrocities committed during the conflict.
🔁 Synonym: Horror

Adhere

To stick firmly to something or follow a rule or belief closely.
🔁 Synonym: Stick

Example:
The label adheres to the bottle tightly.
(= It sticks firmly.)

She adheres to her principles in all decisions.
(= She follows her beliefs strictly.)

🔠 Word Family

Adhere (verb) – To stick or attach
The paint adheres well to the surface.
🔁 Synonym: Cling

Adherence (noun) – The act of following or sticking to something
His adherence to the schedule helped the project succeed.
🔁 Synonym: Loyalty

Adherent (noun) – A supporter or follower
She is an adherent of healthy living.
🔁 Synonym: Follower

Diplomatic

Skilled at dealing with people in a sensitive and careful way, especially to avoid conflict.
🔁 Synonym: Tactful

Example:
She gave a diplomatic response to the difficult question.
(= She answered carefully to avoid offending.)

🔠 Word Family

Diplomatic (adjective) – Showing tact and skill in communication
His diplomatic approach helped resolve the disagreement.
🔁 Synonym: Sensitive

Diplomacy (noun) – The art of managing relations and negotiations
Good diplomacy can prevent wars.
🔁 Synonym: Negotiation

Diplomat (noun) – A person who represents a country and manages international relations
The diplomat attended the peace talks.
🔁 Synonym: Envoy

Holder

A person or thing that has or keeps something.
🔁 Synonym: Keeper

Example:
She is the holder of the championship trophy.
(= She owns or keeps the trophy.)

🔠 Word Family

Holder (noun) – Someone who holds or owns something
The certificate holder received an award.
🔁 Synonym: Owner

Hold (verb) – To keep or have something
He holds the keys in his hand.
🔁 Synonym: Grasp

Atone

To make up for a mistake or wrong by doing something good or asking for forgiveness.
🔁 Synonym: Make amends

Example:
He tried to atone for his mistake by helping others.
(= He did something to fix his wrong.)

🔠 Word Family

Atone (verb) – To do something to correct a fault or sin
She atoned for her errors by apologizing.
🔁 Synonym: Repent

Atonement (noun) – The act of making up for wrongs
The story is about love and atonement.
🔁 Synonym: Compensation

Rupture

To break or burst suddenly.
🔁 Synonym: Break

Example:
The pipe ruptured and caused flooding in the basement.
(= The pipe suddenly broke.)

🔠 Word Family

Rupture (verb) – To split or burst
The aneurysm caused a rupture in the blood vessel.
🔁 Synonym: Burst

Rupture (noun) – A break or burst
The rupture in the dam was repaired quickly.
🔁 Synonym: Break

Spew

To forcefully throw out or pour out something, often liquid, gas, or words. —vomi
🔁 Synonym: Emit

Example:
The volcano spewed lava and ash into the sky.
(= It forcefully threw out lava and ash.)

The angry man spewed insults at the crowd.
(= He shouted words angrily.)

🔠 Word Family

Spew (verb) – To eject or release forcefully
The factory spews smoke into the air.
🔁 Synonym: Release

Devoid

Completely empty of something.
🔁 Synonym: Empty

Example:
The desert is devoid of water.
(= There is no water at all.)

🔠 Word Family

Devoid (adjective) – Without or lacking
His speech was devoid of emotion.
🔁 Synonym: Lacking

Prospect

Possibility or likelihood of something happening.

Incarcerate

To put someone in prison or keep them confined. —enkarsere or enprizone
🔁 Synonym: Imprison

Example:
The criminal was incarcerated for ten years.
(= He was kept in prison for ten years.)

🔠 Word Family

Incarcerate (verb) – To lock up or confine in prison
The judge decided to incarcerate the defendant.
🔁 Synonym: Jail

Incarceration (noun) – The state of being imprisoned
Incarceration rates have increased in recent years.
🔁 Synonym: Imprisonment