Infection Test Review

What is a pathogen?

an organism that can cause disease

types of pathogens

bacteria, fungi, viruses

Portal of exit

The path by which the pathogen leaves the host

A place where the pathogen can live, such as the human body, animals, food, or fomites

reservoir

How a pathogen is moved from one host to another

Mode of transmission

The opening where an infectious agent enters the host's body is which link in the chain of infection?

Portal of entry

a susceptible host is

a person at risk of infection

Physical contact between an infected person and susceptible person

Direct Transmission

Airborne Transmission

occurs when infectious particles are dispersed in the air to host

Involves animals and insects that are capable of transmitting diseases

vector

Susceptible host

person who can become ill when exposed to pathogens, cannot fight pathogen

What is the chain of infection?

the process a pathogen follows as it is transmitted

At what point can the chain of infection be broken?

at any point in the chain

Conditions that affect the growth of bacteria include

moisture, living and dead matter, warm temperatures

Microorganisms cause illness by:

producing toxins, causing allergic reactions, invading the cells

Signs and symptoms of generalized infection

tachypnea (high respiratory rate)

nausea

tachycardia

confusion

fever

Signs and symptoms of localized infection include

redness, swelling, pain and heat

Standard Precautions

Guidelines to reduce the risk of transmission of microorganisms, used on all patients, regardless of diagnosis.

Aseptic Technique

Method used to make the environment, the worker, and the patient as germ-free as possible. 

Chain of infection

A chain of events all interconnected is required for an infection to spread.

Sterilized

Made free from all living microorganisms.

Nosocomial infection

An infection acquired while in a health care setting, such as a hospital.

droplet

A small drop of fluid

Localized

Affecting one area of the body

Viruses

Genetic material that is surrounded by a protective coat and that can only reproduce inside a host cell

pathogenic

Disease causing

Airborne

Articles that float in the air

susceptible

Capable of being affected or infected (e.g., body can be attacked by microorganisms and become ill).

generalized

Affecting all of the body.

microorganisms

Tiny organism, such as a fungi, protists, or bacteria, that can only be seen under a microscope.

transmitting

Causing to go from one person to another person.

Host

The organism from which a microorganism takes nourishment, gives nothing in return and causes disease or illness in this

disinfection

Process of freeing from microorganisms by physical or chemical means.

Universal Precautions

Precautions that prevents the transmission of HIV, HBV, HCV, and other bloodborne pathogens when providing health care.

Autoclaves

Sterilizers that use steam under pressure to kill all forms of bacteria on fomites

micron

unit equaling one millionth of a meter

bloodborne

Carried in the blood

Which of the following is a droplet precaution?

Wearing a standard surgical mask

Airborne precautions (ie, tuberculosis) require:

isolation room

those who enter wear respiratory protection

filtering or discharging air to outside

Which of the following is an example of indirect contact?

inhaling air droplets after a sneeze

When should transmission based precautions be used?

with patients who have a highly communicable diseases

Reasons transmission-based isolation precautions are used.

to prevent spread of infection to pts, family, and health care worker

Patients who require reverse isolation.

severely burned pts

Contact precautions require that the air in a patient's room be discharged outside or filtered. True or False

False

A respirator (N-95, P-100, or HEPA mask) must be worn when airborne precautions are in effect. True or False

True

Contact precautions are required for patients with wound infections caused by multi-drug resistant organisms. True or False

True

Which organization established guidelines for communicable disease control.

CDC

Which type of precautions is used for pts with measles, chicken pox, or tuberculosis?

Airborne

How are communicable diseases spread?

direct contact

contact with blood and body fluids

contact with dirty articles/instruments

Droplet isolation requires which PPE

gloves, mask

Droplet transmission based precautions are used for:

influenza

Contact isolation requires

gown and gloves

What is a pathogen?

An organism that can cause disease

Types of pathogens include..

bacteria, fungi, viruses

Portal of exit

The path by which pathogen leaves host

Reservoir

A place where the pathogen can live, such as the human body, animals, food, or fomites

Mode of Transmission

How a pathogen Is moved from one host to another

Portal of Entry

The opening where an infectious agent enters the host's body is which link in the chain of infection

a susceptible host

a person at risk of

Direct Transmission

Physical contact between an infected person and susceptible person

indirect contact

contact with a contaminated surface or instrument

Airborne Transmission

occurs when infectious particles are dispersed in the air to host

vector

Involves animals and insects that are capable of transmitting diseases

Susceptible Host

person who can become ill when exposed to pathogens, cannot fight pathogen

What is the chain of infection?

the process a pathogen follows as it is transmitted

At what point can the chain of infection be broken?

At any point in the chain

Conditions that affect the growth of bacteria include

moisture, warm temperatures, living and dead matter

Microorganisms cause illness by:

Causing allergic reactions, producing toxins, invading the cells

Signs and symptoms of generalized infection

nausea

fever

confusion

tachycardia

tachypnea (high respiratory rate)

Signs and symptoms of localized infection include

redness, swelling, pain and heat

Abreast

side by side

horseplay

Rowdy behavior; acting inappropriately in a work environment

to mandate

To order or command

Biohazard

Biological materials or infectious agents that may cause harm to human, animal or environmental health.

comply

To follow directions; do what you are asked to do.

implement

To carry out a rule or procedure.

What is OSHA

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

What is OSHA’s role?

oversee, enact, & enforce workplace safety

Effective ergonomic programs can help in

reducing injuries

What does OSHA injury and illness prevention mandate?

health and safety of the employee

testing for TB

infection control

Hepatitis B vaccine offered

What is the purpose of Material Data Safety Sheets?

inform staff of safe use and hazards of chemicals used in the operation

shock

Convulsion of muscles and extreme stimulation of nerves when an electric current passes through the body

frayed

Convulsion of muscles and extreme stimulation of nerves when an electric current passes through the body

malfunctioning

Not working as supposed to

What are the elements of fire?

Fuel, oxygen, and heat

observant

Quick to see and understand

cylinder

long narrow circular container

potential

having or showing capacity

These are examples of disasters:

earthquakes, hurricanes, tornado, flood, explosion.

Which of the following items are you not responsible for knowing when a disaster occurs?

Name of the nearest fire station

Ways to prevent a fire include

report faulty electrical equipment

follow oygen precautions

How often should fire alarms be tested?

Monthly

Every family should have a home evacuation plan for disasters. True or False

True

Fires are deadly because they

produce heat but also poisonous gases

What is NOT part of the Fire Triangle

smoke

What is Considered a Class B Fire?

Flammable Liquids and Gases- Gasoline, Solvents, Etc.

A fire extinguisher is designed to:

Eliminate one element in the Triangle of Fire

Use a Class K fire extinguisher.

needs a special type of extinguisher to put it out.

involves cooking oils and fats.

is a common hazard for a commercial kitchen.

What is Considered a Class D Fire?

Metals

Class A fire extinguisher...

wood, paper, cloth