KT Unit 4 [USH_AP]

USH_AP

London Economic Conference

A meeting to address the global economic crisis caused by the Great Depression, FDR opposed points in LEC, playing an important role to the conference’s collapse.

Good Neighbor Policy

Foreign Policy of FDR, improved relations with Latin America by promoting non intervention and non interference in their domestic affairs

Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act

Promoted international trade as a part of the New Deal. Shifted to a more liberal trade policy (laid groundwork for a more modern trade policy) and helped revive the U.S. economy during the Great Depression.

Rome-Berlin Axis

Coalition formed between Italy and German which formed the Axis powers

Neutrality Acts 1935, 1936, 1937

1935: Prohibited export of arms, ammunition, and implements of war from U.S. to belligerent nations

1936: Prohibited Americans from extending loans to belligerent nations

1937: Response to Spanish Civil War and is rising fascism in Europe - forbade U.S. citizens from traveling on belligerent ships and prevented American merchant ships from transporting arms to belligerents.

Abraham Lincoln Brigade

American volunteers (loyalists) that helped fight in Spanish Civil War

Quarantine Speech

Made by FDR, called for international “quarantine” against the epedemic of world lawlessness by aggressive nations - peaceloving nations should work together to isolate aggressive countries

Appeasement

Diplomatic policy adopted by Britain and France, aimed at avoiding conflict with Germany by making concessions

Hitler-Stalin Pact

Non-aggression Pact between Stalin and Hitler to not attack each other so Hitler can attack Poland without consequences from Soviet Union

Neutrality Act 1939 (Cash-Carry)

Lited arms embargo and put all trade with belligerent nations under cash-and-carry (belligerents who purchased from U.S. paid in cash and sent own ships to collect purchases)

War Refugee Board

U.S. executive agency to aid civilian victims of Axis powers that were at risk of persecution

Lend-Lease Bill

Allowed U.S. to lend/lease war supplies to nations important to U.S. defense

Atlantic Charter

Provided statement of war aims of U.S. and Britain, and plans for after WWII

ABC-1 Agreement

Series of discussions between U.S. and British military, signified U.S. plan to enter WWII

Executive Order No. 9066

Sent Japanese immigrants of Japanese Americans to interment camps out of fear of espionage in U.S. after Pearl Harbor

War Production Board

U.S. Gov. agency oversaw conversion of civilian factories to provide weapons and military equipment during WWII

Office of Price Administration

Controlled prices and rationed goods during WWII

Smith-Connally Anti-Strike Act

Prohibited strikes in seized plants and gave government permission to serve and operate privately owned war plants

WAC, WAVES, SPARS

Women military programs in WWII

Bracero Program

Agreement with Mexico to send troops to U.S. to help fight in WWII

A. Philip Randolph

Labor organizer in countering workforce discrimination, skill in nonviolent protests and helped gain employment advances for African Americans

Fair Employment Practices Commission

Helped ban discriminatory employment practices by Federal Agencies and all unions and companies engaged in war related work

Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)

Founded by interracial group of students in Chicago, pioneered use of nonviolent direct action in America’s civil rights struggle

Battle of Midway

WWII Naval battle when U.S. destroyed Japan’s first time carrier strength, ended threat of further Japanese invasion in Pacific

Douglas MacArthur

commander of army units, oversaw reconstruction of Japan, liberated Phillipines from Japanese occupation

General Dwight D. Eisenhower

Planned and supervised 2 consequential military campaigns of WWII (Operation Torch and Invasion of Normandy)

D-Day

Invasion of Normandy, Allied Invasion; Turning point that eventually led to German’s surrender

Thomas E. Dewey

Tried and convicted American Nazi leader Fritz Julius Kuhn for embezzlement, limited ability to support Nazi Germany

V-E Day

Victory in Europe Day, marked end of WWII in Europe

Potsdam Conference

Meeting between Truman (U.S.), Churchill (G.B.), and Stalin (USSR) to negotiate terms of WWII’s ends. Also declared Japan either surrender or suffer consequences.

Manhattan Project

Top secret WWII gov. project to develop the first atomic bombs

Harry S. Truman

Notably chairman of Senate Special Committee investigating war contracts, also the President (that took over FDR) that made decision to drop atomic bombs at Japan, effectively ending war.

V-J Day

Victory over Japan Day, imperial Japan surrendered to Allies

National War Labor Board (NWLB)

Settled labor disputes to prevent strikes, extension of progressive policies, creating more wage policies