Luca Liver Anatomy

largest gland in the body

liver

blood supply of the liver

two - hepatic artery and portal vein

hepatic artery

supplies 20% of blood and nutritional blood

oxygenated, nutrient poor

portal vein

supplies 80% & functional blood

deoxygenated and nutrient rich

how does blood exit the liver?

hepatic vein

what blood flows through the portal vein?

all blood from GI and spleen

liver functions as a

filter

intrahepatic shunt

Direct connection between the portal vein and hepatic vein

extrahepatic shunt

Connection between the portal vein that goes straight to the vena cava

(shunt outside the body)

what happens to animals with shunts?

may not be able to metabolize nutrients

stunted

healthy or vomiting

hepatic encephalopathy

slow to metabolize drugs

cell types in the liver

hepatocytes

endothelial cells

kupffer cells

stellate cells

hepatocytes

main cell type

produce bile

synthesize of proteins, carbs, lipid metabolism and detox

kupffer cells

macrophages in sinusoids

screen plasma for escaped microbes from gut, remove senescent RBCs, particulates

stellate cells

in the space of Disse

important in Vitamin A storage

fibrogenic

flow of bile

in canaliculi

collecting into bile ducts

drain into common bile duct

into duodenum

functional unit of the liver

lobule

portal tract

hepatic artery, portal vein, bile duct

what is in the middle of the lobule?

central vein

how does blood leave the lobule?

central vein

what is the hepatic sinusoid lined by and contains what?

endothelial cells and contains macrophages

what is drained by lymphatic vessels?

space of disse

function of the microvilli

help absorb substances from the blood and aid in secretion of plasma proteins

what does the hepatocytes excrete?

bile acids and waste material into the canaliculi through basolateral surface

Hepatocytes absorb

toxins, chemicals, drugs and nutrients from Sinusoidal blood before they enter the hepatic vein

how the lobule zones differ?

oxygen concentration and metabolic functions

Where are bile acids stored?

gallbladder and emptied into bile duct that is regulated by hormones

what system is the kupffer apart of?

reticuloendothelial systems that filters blood

stellate cells - contains?

numerous vitamin A lipid droplets, constituting the largest reservoir of vitamin A in the body

stellate cells - hepatic injury and chronic disease

these cells transform into myofibroblast-like cells to generate scar tissue

consequence of intrahepatic shunt

blood rapidly exits the liver before it can be processed