HESC-1000: Chapter 7-8 Exercise Physiology Review

Vocabulary flashcards covering fundamental concepts, training principles, and health/disease adaptation metrics from exercise physiology and clinical exercise physiology notes.

Exercise Physiology

The study of how the body responds and adapts to physical activity and exercise.

Cardiorespiratory Fitness

The ability to perform large-muscle, whole-body exercise at moderate-to-vigorous intensities for extended periods of time.

Musculoskeletal Fitness

The integrated function of muscle strength, muscle endurance, and muscle power to enable performance of work.

Flexibility

The range of motion available at a joint or group of joints.

Balance

The ability to maintain equilibrium while moving or while stationary.

Speed

The ability to move the body quickly.

Homeostasis

The state of steady internal physical and chemical conditions maintained by living systems.

FITT Principle

A framework of exercise training variables comprising Frequency, Intensity, Time, and Type.

Principles of Exercise Training

Key concepts governing physical adaptations to training: Progressive Overload, Specificity, Reversibility, and Individuality.

Clinical Exercise Physiologist (CEP)

A professional who uses physical activity and exercise to prevent chronic disease or provide therapeutic benefits, performs graded exercise tests, and requires an undergraduate/graduate degree in exercise science, a clinical internship, and certification.

Pretesting Procedures

Initial CEP responsibilities that include preparticipation health screening, physical examination, and obtaining informed consent.

GXT Measured Variables

Parameters measured during a graded exercise test, including Heart Rate, Blood Pressure, Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE), Electrocardiogram (ECG), and Echocardiograph.

Health-Related Fitness Components

Five key domains evaluated and interpreted by CEPs: Cardiorespiratory Endurance, Muscular Strength, Muscular Endurance, Flexibility, and Body Composition.

Exercise Prescription

A plan detailing the appropriate amount of exercise for an individual, consisting of a Warm-Up, Workout (FITT components), and Cool-Down.

Myocardial Infarction Exercise Benefits

Increased $VO_2\text{max}$; reduction in heart rate, blood pressure, and myocardial oxygen requirements; improvements in blood lipid profile; improved well-being and self-efficacy; and protection against triggers of a myocardial infarction.

Angina Pectoris Exercise Benefits

Primary exercise benefit characterized by a reduction in myocardial oxygen demand.

Peripheral Vascular Disease Exercise Benefits

Increased limb blood flow, better redistribution of blood flow, and improvement of muscle function.

Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exercise Benefits

Improved cardiovascular and ventilatory function, increased muscular strength and flexibility, and improved body composition.

Restrictive Pulmonary Disease Exercise Benefits

Improved cardiovascular and ventilatory function, as well as improved oxygen extraction in the lungs.

Cystic Fibrosis Exercise Benefits

Increased work capacity, improved ventilatory function, greater mucus clearance, and delayed deterioration of pulmonary function.

Metabolic Syndrome Exercise Benefits

Reduction in body weight and percent body fat, improvement in fitness, improvement in blood lipid profile, and improved blood glucose control.

Osteoporosis Exercise Benefits

Improvement in overall physical fitness and slowing of the age-related decline in bone mass.