AP United States Gov't Court cases

Marbury v. Madison

Established judicial review

McCulloch v. Maryland

Established the Supremacy Clause (federal laws are superior compared to state laws)

Gibbons v. Ogden

Established the commerce clause and gave congress broad regulatory power

Dred Scott v. Sanford

Slaves are considered property and not citizens (Missouri Compromise is unconstiutional)

Plessy v. Ferguson

Established the “separate but equal” doctrine, allowed segregation

Schneck. v. U.S.

Free speech is limited during war time, was compared to shouting fire in a theatre

Gitlow v. New York

limited free speech if it threatens the gov’t (anarchy)

Korematsu v. US

Gov’t can detain citizens in emergencies (WWII)

Brown v. Board of Edu

Overturned Plessy, segregation is unconstitutional. The Supreme court took on an activists approach and people didn’t like it because it created a policy but the Supreme Court is referred to as the Court of last resort.

Mapp v. Ohio

(4th Amendment) Evidence that is found without a search warrants cannot be brought into court

Baker v. Carr

Apportionment of districts must be as fair as possible “one man, one vote”

Engel v. Vitale

No school-led daily prayer is allowed in schools

Gideon v. Wainwright

States must provide an attorney to defendants

Griswold v. Connecticut

Information about birth control is protected under the right to privacy (9th amendment)

Miranda v. Arizona

Police must inform suspects of their rights (they have to read them —> Miranda Rights)

Terry v. Ohio

Police can search and seize with probable clause (exclusionary rule)

Lemon v. Kurtzman

Some gov’t aid to church schools is allowed as long as its fair to schools of all faith. (lemon test) The lemon test is the standard set by the Supreme Court to measure the constitutionality of state laws in regard to freedom of religion

NY Times v. USA (Pentagon Papers)

The president cannot withold any documents from the press using their executive privilege unless it endangers national security.

Miller v. California

Obscenity is not protected under freedom of speech

Roe v. Wade

Abortion is constitutional only in the first trimester.

US v. Nixon

executive privilege is not unlimited

Gregg v. Georgia

Death penalty is allowed

Buckley v. Valeo

Campaign money limits, independent expenditures ok

Texas v Johnson

Burning the flag is okay because it is a form of symbolic speech (freedom of expression)

Allegany v. ACLU

Courts cannot prominently display religious symbols

Loving v. Virginia

Bi racial marriage is okay

Obergfell v. Hodges

Gay marriage is constitutional

Lynch v. Donnelly

Displaying of the nativity scene was okay because it was viewed in the context of the holiday season and it had no danger of establishing a state church. (Kentucky 2005 was for religious purposes)

Stone v Graham

teachers have the ability to display religious symbols in teaching about religion as long as they’re used as teaching aids on a temporary basis as part of an academic program.

Santa Fe Independent School District v. Jane Doe

Schools can’t sponsor/encourage prayers directly/indirectly (FOOTBALL)