pt. 2 “Veterinary Anatomy: Muscles, Functions, and Structures Quiz

Orbicularis oculi

Closing the eyelids

Zygomaticus

Assists in keeping food between teeth during chewing

Mentalis

Involved in elevating the skin and tissue of the chin

Temporalis

Major muscle in the temporal region that elevates the mandible

Sarcomere

Smallest functional contractile unit in a skeletal muscle

Fascia

Connective structure that encases and supports individual muscle fibers

Intercalated discs

Connect muscle cells in the heart

Gastrocnemius

Two-headed muscle that extends the hock and inserts on the calcaneus

1st Tarsal

Bone where the cranial tibial muscle inserts

Rectus femoris

Head of the quadriceps femoris that also assists in hip flexion

Lateral digital extensor

Muscle with the strongest tendon among the digital flexors of the crus

Articularis coxae

Prevents capsular impingement at the hip joint

Obturator internus

Inner pelvic muscle that lies internally over the obturator foramen

Pectineus

Small medial thigh muscle that assists in both hip flexion and limb adduction

Gracilis

Muscle that spans the caudal medial thigh and functions to extend the stifle

Splenius

Muscle that unilaterally bends and bilaterally extends the neck

Digastricus

Muscle that carries out depression of the mandible for opening the mouth

Mylohyoid

Oral floor muscle that raises the tongue toward the palate

Orbicularis oris

Circular muscle that forms the core of the lips and allows mouth closure

Facial nerve

Innervates muscles found in the tail and pelvis, head and neck, thorax and limb, abdomen

Ilicostalis system

One of the three epaxial systems positioned laterally along the spine

Transversospinalis Group

Paired cervical muscle group that lies deep and contains biventer cervicis

Auricularis caudalis

Ear muscle activated to move the auricle caudally and outward

Infraspinatus

Muscle acting as a lateral stabilizer and rotator of the shoulder joint

Supraspinatus

Muscle that helps to stabilize a specific joint.

Omotransversarius

Neck muscle that spans from the scapula to the atlas and aids in lateral neck motion.

Depressors of the tail

Muscle group responsible for tail depression in canines.

Triceps Branchii

Main extensor of the elbow with four distinct heads.

Pronator Teres

Short muscle that acts on the radius to initiate forearm pronation.

Flexor carpi radialis

Located on the lateral side of the forearm.

Adductor

Muscle involved in retracting the pelvic limb and moving the rump forward.

Common digital extensor

Muscle that extends all four digits of the forelimb.

Caudal crural abductor

Thin muscle that lies caudal to the biceps femoris and assists in limb abduction.

Extensor carpi radialis

Carpal extensor that inserts on metacarpals II and III.

Deep digital flexor

Digital flexor that inserts on the distal phalanges of all digits.

Iliopsoas

Most powerful flexor of the canine hip joint.

Middle Gluteal

Gluteal muscle most responsible for hip extension and abduction.

Flexion and Adduction

Movement at the shoulder joint contributed by the deltoid muscle.

Transversus Thoracis

Triangular muscle that lies against the sternum and assists in rib depression.

Internal oblique

Abdominal wall muscle with fibers that run caudoventrally and lie most superficially.

Transversely

Direction in which the fibers of the transverse abdominis muscle run.

Rectus abdominis

Abdominal muscle that originates at the pubis and inserts at the sternum.

Elevators of the tail

Group of muscles that functions to raise the tail in dogs.

Myosin

Thick filament of the sarcomere responsible for contraction.

Z Disc

Structural boundary to which actin filaments in a muscle fiber are anchored.

Skeletal

Type of muscle primarily facilitating voluntary movement in dogs.

Smooth

Muscle type characterized by spindle-shaped, non-striated muscle fibers with a single nucleus.

Tendon

Structure that functions to attach muscle to bone.

Brachialis

Muscle located relative to the humerus.