Geographic, Linguistic, and Ethnic Dimensions of Philippine Literary History (Pre-Colonial to Contemporary)

40 practice flashcards covering pre-colonial to contemporary Philippine literary history, including periods, forms, authors, and key concepts.

Which period did Rizal's Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo belong to?

Spanish Period.

What types of literature existed in the Pre-Spanish Period?

Legends, folk tales, folk songs, proverbs (salawikain), and riddles (bugtong).

What are proverbs in Filipino called?

Salawikain.

What is a Filipino riddle called?

Bugtong.

Name examples of pre-Spanish folksongs.

Kundiman, Kumintang, Ang Oyayi, Talindaw, etc.

What is a kundiman?

A traditional Filipino love song.

What were tales/myths used for in precolonial Philippines?

To explain phenomena, origins, daily life, rituals, and social beliefs.

What is an epic?

A long poem about a hero and his adventures.

What is a Corrido?

A legendary religious narrative detailing the lives of saints or a tradition.

What is an Awit?

A chivalric poem, usually sung, about a hero.

What is a Pasyon?

A narrative poem about the life of Jesus Christ, usually sung during Lent.

What is Cenaculo?

The dramatization of the passion of Christ during Lent.

What is Moro-moro?

A melodrama about Christian-Muslim conflicts.

What is Tibag?

Dramatic reenactment of St. Helena's search for the Holy Cross.

What is the Period of Enlightenment?

1872-1898 era of Ilustrados and the Propaganda Movement.

Who were the Ilustrados?

Filipino intellectuals educated in Europe who led the Propaganda Movement.

Name three key figures of the Ilustrados.

Jose Rizal, Marcelo H. Del Pilar, Graciano Lopez Jaena.

Name Rizal's major works.

Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo.

Name a Dasalan at Tocsohan writer.

Marcelo H. Del Pilar.

Name a writing by Jaena.

Ang Fray Botod.

During the American Regime, what language became prominent in writing?

English.

Who is famous for his/her free verse in Philippine literature?

Jose Garcia Villa.

What languages were used in writing during the American Regime?

English (alongside Tagalog and Spanish).

Name the three forms of poetry introduced by the Japanese Period.

Haiku, Tanaga, Karaniwang Anyo.

What is Karaniwang Anyo?

Usual form (a type of Japanese-era poetry).

What happened to Philippine literature in English during the Japanese occupation (1941-1945)?

English literature was restricted; Tagalog literature revived; some works published in Filipino and English elsewhere.

What is the Rebirth of Freedom period (1946-1970) known for?

Vernacular writing becoming popular; improved craft and political activism.

Name a poem and author from the Rebirth of Freedom period.

When I See A Barong-Barong by Maximo Ramos.

What is the Period of Activism (1970-1972) known for?

Youth activism and the Literary Revolution demanding reform.

When did the Period of the New Society begin?

September 21, 1972.

What are common themes of New Society poetry?

Patience, regard for native culture and customs, and appreciation of nature.

What characterizes the Period of the Third Republic (1981-1985)?

Romantic and revolutionary poetry; themes of grief, poverty, freedom, love for God and country.

What happened during the Post-EDSA 1 Revolution period (1986-1999)?

People Power; emergence of new Filipino songs, newspapers, and media like Inquirer, Malaya.

What is the 21st Century Period about?

New trends, ICT integration, new codes and lingos in writing.

How can Philippine regional literature be best described?

Dynamic.

What does imagery in poetry refer to?

Mental pictures.

Why is regional literature rich and varied?

Because of the archipelagic nature and diverse ethno-linguistic groups.

Who wrote Ang Fray Botod?

Graciano Lopez Jaena.

What is Hinilawod?

An epic from Central Panay.

What is the Sun and the Moon folktale about?

An eclipse explained by the chase between the Sun and the Moon; the Sun and Moon myth explains eclipse.

Which period is associated with Ilustrados and the Propaganda Movement?

Period of Enlightenment.

Which period introduced the symbol of newspapers as opposition tools?

Japanese Period (critiqued by occupation and press restrictions).

What period marks the revival of Tagalog literature during occupation?

Philippine Literature in English (1941-1945) notes include revival of Tagalog literature.

What is the significance of the Hinilawod epic in Central Panay?

An example of indigenous epic tradition in the Philippines.

What poet is associated with free verse in English during the American Regime?

Jose Garcia Villa.

Which author is linked to the work Scent of Apples and Cadaver?

Bienvenido Santos (Scent of Apples) and Alberto S. Florentino (Cadaver).