Cell Biology

Homeostasis

Keeping the internal conditions of the body stable.

Eukaryote

An organism whose cells have a nucleus.

Prokaryote

An organism whose cells do not have a nucleus.

Cell membrane

A thin layer that controls what enters and leaves the cell.

Nucleus

control center of the cell

contains DNA

Cytoplasm

colorless fluid of lipids and proteins

Mitochondria

powerhouse of the cell

processes glucose into ATP for the cells to use

Lysosome

small sacs filled with enzymes

Cilia

fine hair like projections on the surface of a cell

found in lung, respiratory and middle ear tissue

Flagella

sperm cell

longer than cilia

Intracellular Compartment

A space inside a cell with a specific function.

Extracellular Compartment

The space outside cells where fluids and substances are found.

Interstitial Compartment

The space between cells in tissues that contains fluid.

Absorption

The process of taking in substances, like nutrients, into the body or cells.

Excretion

The removal of waste products from the body.

eg. urine moving out

Transport

The movement of substances from one place to another in the body or cells.

Passive Trasport (diffusion and osmosis)

The movement of water across a membrane from where there is more water to where there is less water.

THREE TYPES OF FLUIDS:

1.hypertonic

2.isotonic

3. hypotonic

Active Transport

The movement of substances across a membrane using energy.

Endocytosis

enables large particles to be taken into the cell

Exocytosis

movement of large particles OUT of the cell

response to stimuli

reacting to sound, light and anything going on around it

cell theory

all organisms are composed of one or more cells and is the basic and smallest living unit of organization of all organisms

levels of organization

cells

tissues

organ

organ system

organism

pinocytosis

takes in fluids and solute

phagocytosis

takes in larger substances (bacteria)

secretion

The release of useful substances made by cells or glands.

eg. release of histamines during allergy season

Cell Physiology

activities within the cells that keep the animal alive

solutes

proteins, glucose, blood, electrolytes

homeostasis of the cell

Absorption- The cell ABSORBS what it needs

Excretion- The cell EXCRETES waste it doesnt need

Transport- The cell TRANSPORTS waste to other parts of the body