Unit 0 Ap World History

Animism

Belief that nature and objects have spirits.

Ban Zhao

A major female Confucian author of China (45–116 C.E.) whose works explore the implications of Confucian thinking for women.

Bhagavad Gita

A great Hindu epic text that conveyed the message that ordinary people could find spiritual fulfillment by selflessly performing the ordinary duties of their lives. (pron. BUH-guh-vahd GEE-tuh)

Bhakti Movement

Meaning "worship," this Hindu movement began in south India and moved northward between 600 and 1000 C.E.; it involved the intense adoration of and identification with a particular deity through songs, prayers, and rituals. (pron. BAHK-tee)

Caste System

Social hierarchy people are born into.

Confucianism

Philosophy emphasizing social order, respect, education, and proper relationships.

Daoism

Philosophy/religion emphasizing harmony with nature and the Dao.

Filial Piety

Respect and obedience toward parents and ancestors.

Greek Rationalism

Using reason and logic to understand the world.

Hajj

Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca.

Jesus

Central figure of Christianity.

Judaism

Monotheistic religion centered on one God and a covenant.

Legalism

Chinese philosophy emphasizing strict laws and harsh punishments.

Mahayana Buddhism

Buddhist tradition emphasizing helping others reach enlightenment.

Mandate of Heaven

Belief that Heaven gives rulers the right to rule, but they can lose it if they rule poorly.

Monasticism

Devoting one’s life to religion, often as a monk or nun.

Pope

Leader of the Roman Catholic Church.

Patriarchy

Social system in which men generally hold greater authority and power.

Perpetua

Early Christian woman who became a martyr for her faith.

Siddhartha Gautama

The Buddha; founder of Buddhism.

Shinto

Japanese religion centered on kami (spirits) and nature.

Tibetan Buddhism

Form of Buddhism that developed in Tibet.

Umma

The worldwide Muslim community.

Upanishads

Hindu philosophical texts about spirituality, the soul, and reality.

Vedas

Ancient sacred Hindu texts.

Zoroastrianism

Ancient Persian religion focused on the struggle between good and evil.