Geometric Optics & Refraction

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41 Terms

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Reflection
Wave strikes surface and bounces back.
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Law of Reflection
Angle of incidence equals angle of reflection.
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Specular Reflection
Mirror-like reflection retaining clear image.
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Diffuse Reflection
Reflects energy without retaining image clarity.
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Refraction
Change in wave direction between media.
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Index of Refraction
Measure of wave speed reduction in medium.
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Speed of Light in Vacuum
Constant at 300,000 km/s.
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Refractive Index of Glass
Value of 1.50 for light speed.
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Snell's Law
n1sin(θ1) = n2sin(θ2) for refraction.
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Critical Angle
Incident angle above which no refraction occurs.
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Total Reflection
Light reflects entirely when passing to lower n.
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Refractive Index of Water
Value of 1.33 for light speed.
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Refractive Index of Air
Value of 1.00 for light speed.
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Refractive Index of Diamond
Value of 2.42 for light speed.
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Refractive Index of Glycerin
Value of 1.47 for light speed.
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Angle of Incidence
Angle between incoming wave and normal.
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Angle of Refraction
Angle between refracted wave and normal.
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Fiber Optics
Uses total reflection to trap light beams.
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Diffraction
Bending of waves around obstacles.
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Snell's Law Application
Used to calculate angles during refraction.
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Arcsin Function
Used to determine critical angle mathematically.
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Diffraction Patterns
Result from wave interference in experiments.
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Ray of Light
An extremely narrow beam of light.
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Reflection
When light changes direction by bouncing off a surface.
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Virtual Image
An image formed by sight lines, not by converging light rays.
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Concave Lens
A lens that is thinner in the middle and causes light rays to diverge.
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Convex Lens
A lens that is thicker in the middle and focuses light rays to a focal point in front of the lens.
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Focal Point (F)
The point where light rays converge or appear to diverge from after passing through a lens or reflecting off a mirror.
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Normal
An imaginary line perpendicular to the surface at the point of incidence of the light ray.
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Magnification (m)
The ratio of the height of the image (hi) to the height of the object (ho).
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Object Distance (do)
The distance from the object to the lens or mirror.
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Image Distance (di)
The distance from the image to the lens or mirror.
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Refraction
The bending of light as it passes from one medium into another.
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Spherical Mirror
A mirror with a reflective surface that is part of a sphere; can be concave or convex.
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Plane Mirror
A flat mirror that produces virtual, upright images that are the same size as the object.
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Sight Lines
Imaginary light rays that we perceive as coming straight from an object.
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Incidence Angle (θi)
The angle that the incoming light ray makes with the normal.
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Reflection Angle (θr)
The angle that the reflected light ray makes with the normal.
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Optical Axis
An imaginary line that defines the path along which light travels.
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Focal Distance (f)
The distance from the lens or mirror's surface to its focal point.
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Real Image
An image formed by actual light rays converging.